随着人工智能时代的到来，计算思维（CT）被越来越多的学者认为是继写作、阅读与算术之后的“4^thR”能力，对未来每个人都非常重要。因此，大量研究聚焦于开发K12阶段学习者的计算思维。近年来，在建造主义理论的指导下，基于游戏建构的学习（GBCL）从众多计算思维培养方式中脱颖而出。已有研究表明，GBCL为学习者提供了复杂、真实且有意义的学习环境，允许其自由创建计算工件，是计算思维培养的有效途径。
本研究调研了国内外已有的基于游戏建构的计算思维培养工具，发现其仍存在“不符合儿童认知发展水平”、“过分强调对编码技能的训练而忽略对于高阶思维能力的培养”、“游戏构建活动和作品在开放性和教学性上难以平衡”等实践问题。为解决现有工具存在的问题，本研究基于图形化编程环境Mixly、在线图形化编程测评系统MixOJ和谷歌编程教育游戏Blockly Games，设计并开发了面向9至15岁学习者的、基于游戏建构的计算思维培养工具MixToy.
为进一步检验MixToy在计算思维教学运用中的效果，本研究在北京市某小学六年级两个教学班中，实施了为期15周的、基于MixToy平台的游戏建构课程，并通过测试题、量表和访谈多种方法收集相关数据。研究结果表明：基于MixToy平台的游戏建构课程可以显著提升学生的计算思维水平，且为学习者带来了良好的心流体验和较低的认知负荷，总体而言具有较高的可用性和易用性。

In the era of artificial intelligence, Computational Thinking (CT) is considered as the "4th" ability after writing, reading and arithmetic, which is very important to everyone in the future. A large number of studies have focused on developing CT in K12. In recent years, under the guidance of constructivism theory, game-based construction learning (GBCL) stands out from many ways of cultivating CT. Previous studies have shown that GBCL provides learners with a complex, real and meaningful learning environment and allows them to create digital artifacts freely, which is an effective way to cultivate CT skills.
This study investigated the existing tools for developing students’ computational thinking based on GBCL, and found that they still have many practical problems. In order to solve the existing problems, the study designs and develops a teaching tool named MixToy for students aged 9 to 15, based on the graphical programming environment Mixly, the online evaluation system MixOJ and Blockly Game, in order to advance their computational thinking through game-based construction learning.
In order to further test the effect of MixToy, the study carried out a 15-week teaching experiment based on MixToy in two classes of grade 6 of a primary school in Beijing. Through the analysis of questionnaire, scale and interview data, the study found that the courses based on MixToy can significantly improve students' computational thinking skills, and bring good flow experience and low cognitive load to learners. In general, it has high usability and ease of use.