古希腊悲剧《安提戈涅》是古典戏剧史上最伟大的作品之一，在剧中安提戈涅被塑造成一位因坚守心中的高级法而不愿向世俗权威低头的女性形象，这个悲剧故事也引发了众多思想家的思考，其中从政治哲学的角度看，国家权威和个人权利之间的张力呼之欲出。而在政治思想史上，霍布斯是一位伟大的自然法理论思想家，他提出的“自然状态”假设及其阐发的契约论思想，早已成为后世津津乐道的研究对象，其对国家的起源、国家的权力和权力的特性，都有自己独到的见解。人们通常对霍布斯国家理论的理解多停留在绝对主权和君主专制的层面上，按照这种理解，“安提戈涅问题”自然成为对霍布斯国家理论的巨大挑战，因为安提戈涅反对了世俗的主权者并得到了人们的敬佩。实际上霍布斯对国家的理解是与神学领域中的上帝同构的，“利维坦”也常被称为“有朽的上帝”，如果我们更加深入地剖析霍布斯的思想，并厘清主权者与代理人的关系后，我们可以发现霍布斯的国家理论在逻辑上是自洽的，因此从理论上说“安提戈涅问题”并不构成对主权者权威的挑战。然而霍布斯的国家理论并非完美无缺，在现代性的视角下，霍布斯不仅是现代政治哲学理论的先驱，更是企图掩藏国家局限性的始作俑者，或许这一点而非“安提戈涅问题”才是我们理解霍布斯和应对现代性危机的题中之义。马克思的国家理论作为一种更为彻底和完整的理论，解决了霍布斯未能解决的根本问题，也成为社会主义国家坚实的理论工具，对当今的中国具有深刻的指导意义。

The ancient Greek tragedy "Antigone" was one of the greatest works in the history of classical drama. In the play, Antigone was molded into a female image who was reluctant to bow to secular authority by sticking to the higher law in her heart. This tragic story also triggered many thinkers' thinking. From the perspective of political philosophy, the tension between state authority and personal rights is very obvious. In the history of political thought, Hobbes is a famous natural law thinker. His hypothesis of "natural state" and his interpretation of contract theory have long been the object of research nowadays, and he also had his own understanding of the origin of the commonwealth, the power and rights of the state. The common understanding of Hobbes's commonwealth theory usually stays at the level of absolute sovereignty and monarchy and according to this understanding, "Antigone problem" naturally becomes a great challenge to Hobbes's theory of commonwealth. In fact, Hobbes's understanding of the country is isomorphic to God in the field of theology. "Leviathan" is often called "the mortal God". If we can have more in-depth analysis of Hobbes's thoughts, we can find that Hobbes's national theory is logically self consistent, so in theory the challenge of "Antigone problem" does not constitute a threat to the authority of the sovereign. However, Hobbes's national theory is not perfect. In the perspective of modernity, Hobbes is not only a pioneer, but also an attempt to hide the initiator of the national limitations, perhaps this but not the "Antigone problem" is the key of our understanding of Hobbes and the crisis of modernity. As a more complete theory, Marx's theory of state has solved the fundamental problems that Hobbes failed to solve and it also has become a solid theoretical tool for the socialist countries, which has profound guiding significance for present China.