本文立足于环境法视角，结合多年来联防联控机制在京津冀地区实施的背景，运用文献研究法、案例分析法、比较分析法等方法，分析了区域大气污染的特征。在此基础上，探讨了相关制度措施的发展历程，发现了联防联控机制在大气污染防治过程中存在的法律缺陷，主要涉及立法、执法、司法等三个方面，包括有立法不统一、利益协调不平衡、联合执法不明确、司法过程不完善等问题。针对这些问题，分析了其成因，提出了切实可行的法律改进措施，例如完善法律保障措施、建立联合执法模式、发展司法保障机制等内容。以填补当前区域大气污染联防联控机制的法律漏洞，为实现更有效的大气污染防治提供理论参考。

Based on the perspective of environmental law, this paper analyses the characteristics of regional air pollution by combining the joint prevention and control mechanisms implemented in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region over the years, using the methods of literature research, case study and comparative analysis. On this basis, the development history of relevant institutional measures is explored, and the legal shortcomings of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the process of air pollution prevention and control are identified, mainly involving three aspects, such as legislation, law enforcement and judiciary, including problems such as non-uniform legislation, unbalanced coordination of interests, unclear joint law enforcement and imperfect judicial process. In response to these problems, the causes are analysed and practical legal improvement measures are proposed, such as improving legal safeguards, establishing joint law enforcement models and developing judicial safeguard mechanisms. To fill the legal loopholes in the current regional air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism and provide theoretical references for achieving more effective air pollution prevention and control.