由于学界普遍认可的数量-质量取舍理论和稀释理论，大多数人都相信，家庭人口数的多少确实会影响子女的质量，尤其是子女的受教育水平。基于此，文章借助中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2018年的数据，针对30岁以下的年轻一代，将其分为工作者和学生两个群体，使用多元回归方程，用stata16.0软件进行数据清洗和分析，研究参与者的受教育水平是否显著受到子女数量的负面影响。经过数据分析，证实了1.子女数量对受教育年限在1%的水平上有显著影响，子女数量每增加一个，受教育年限平均会减少0.341年。2.子女数量对于在读学生的学业水平并没有显著影响。3.在数据上，认知水平随着子女数量增加而降低，但多元回归证明子女数量对认知水平没有显著的影响。在读学生相对于工作人群更具有认知水平上的优势。根据预期受教育年限，质量数量取舍理论依然成立。另外，相对于男性，作为女性会有利于工作后受教育年限的增加、在校时学业表现的提高、认知水平的提高，且都是相当显著的。

Due to the quantity-quality trade-off theory and dilution theory generally recognized in the academic circles, most people believe that the size of the family will affect the quality of children, especially their education level. Based on this, the article uses data from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) in 2018 to divide the younger generation under 30 into two groups of workers and students, using multiple regression equations, and using stata16.0 software for data cleaning. I analyze whether the education level of the study participants is significantly negatively affected by the number of siblings. After data analysis, it is confirmed that the number of siblings has a significant impact on the level of education years at the level of 1%. Each increase in the number of siblings will reduce the number of years of education by an average of 0.341 years. I also find that the number of siblings has no significant effect on the academic level of the students. In terms of data, the cognition level decreases as the number of children increases, but multiple regression proves that the number of children has no significant effect on the cognition level. Compared with the working population, the current students have more cognitive advantages. According to the expected years of education, the theory of quality and quantity trade-off is still established.  In addition, compared with men, being a woman is conducive to the increase in years of education after work, the improvement of academic performance while at school, and the improvement of cognitive level, and they are all quite significant.