当前，不同地区乡村功能现状与发展潜力差异大、不匹配等问题日益凸显，影响了乡村振兴战略的精准实施。要按照乡村要素决定的乡村价值及方向，探寻乡村可持续发展之路。探讨都市郊区县域尺度下乡村基础资源、现状功能与发展需求协调关系，既能从理论上理清乡村功能的相互作用和空间格局等核心问题，也对探索特质化的乡村发展模式具有很强的实践指导意义。

本研究在构建乡村空间功能与地域内涵、发展潜力与格局优化的理论框架基础上，以北京市郊区平谷区为例，利用数学测算模型和 GIS 空间分析方法，建立了乡村空间功能、乡村地域功能和乡村发展潜力评价指标体系并进行测算，进而构建协调度评价模型，揭示了平谷区乡村地区空间功能、地域功能与发展潜力协调度差异特征，基于平谷区乡村潜力与协调度的空间叠加结果，提出了相应的乡村空间格局优化策略。

（1）根据平谷区土地利用数据分类结果，2019 年，平谷区乡村生产空间、生活空间、生态空间面积分别为 40623.38 公顷、9820.77 公顷， 137566.74 公顷。生产、生活和生态空间分别呈条带状、团块状和集中连片的分布特征。乡村空间功能强度评价结果显示，乡村空间的生产功能和生活功能显著高于生态功能，分别为 0.19、0.21 和 0.07。研究期内，全区主导功能实现了由基础的内生型、保障型向外向型和服务型功能的转换。各乡镇空间功能特征与其与核心城区距离远近密切相关，表现出“生产生活功能在中心镇较强，高值区散布于边缘乡镇”的格局，东部和北部山区生态功能比例较大。

（2）2004 到 2019 年，平谷区乡村地域和子功能综合值呈明显增加趋势，总分值由 0.1024 增至 0.1787，涨幅为 74.44%。生产、生活和生态地域功能数值为分别为 0.2355 、 0.2532 和 0.2015。地域功能综合水平在各乡镇空间格局呈明显分异，高值区与低值区分布 分散。乡村产地域功能“多点集聚，圈层扩散”特征显著；生活地域功能“近郊平原显著，高值在边缘乡镇零星分布”；而生态地域功能“依山组团集聚，沿河带状相联”格局基本不变。

 （3）由于自然资源分布不均、社会经济水平参差不齐以及政策各异，平谷区乡村地域子功能呈显著空间异质性。农业生产功能的空间格局呈现为区域西南部强，东北部弱的特征，工商发展功能高值区围绕平谷中心城区呈块状集聚；人居生活功能和社会保障功能在空间上呈现明显分异，前者空间上功能较强的乡镇分布在区域西南部，但这种分异随时间推移有所弱化，而乡村社会保障功能呈现由“南强北弱”向“北强南弱”转移的空间分布 特征；生态保育功能由北部山区、半山区向西南平原递减，而环境维护功能高值区集中在近郊平原。

（4）根据乡村发展潜力评价指标体系计算结果，平谷区 2019 年乡村发展潜力分值为 0.2583，处于较低水平。生产潜力数值高于生活潜力且远高于生态潜力，数值分别为 0.1615， 0.0787 和 0.018。生产潜力高值区集中于在西南部工业及高速沿线发展区。由于生活基础 和服务资源集中于核心城区与镇区，县域及各乡镇域边缘地区生活潜力值较高，河流沿线 是重要的生态功能潜力空间。基于离差系数最小化协调度模型测算平谷区乡村发展潜力的 比较优势指数结果可知，平谷区各类潜力具有比较优势的乡镇与高潜力区较吻合。

（5）通过建立离差系数最小化协调度模型，测算乡村“空间功能-地域功能-发展潜力” 协调度，结果表明全区乡村功能与潜力协调度为整体水平较高，均值为 0.57。基本协调、中度协调和高度协调三类研究单元占总数量比分别为 26.91%、30.18%、1.82%。空间上，功能与潜力协调度呈现“西高东低”的空间格局特征。基于乡村潜力评价与协调水平测算 结果叠加结果，本研究将平谷区 275 个村庄划分为 9 种“潜力类型-协调程度”组合，并针 对以上组合分类提出 “资源整合、联动发展”、 “合理开发，协调推进” “资源共享， 跨界联合” 、“适度开发，生态保育”四种乡村空间格局优化方向。

At present, rural problems such as inaccurate positioning of rural functions, undervalued values and similarities are increasingly prominent, affecting the precise implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy. We should explore the way of sustainable development of rural areas according to the rural value and development direction of rural element structure. The coordinated evaluation of rural function and development potential can provide basis for the classified implementation of rural spatial pattern optimization.

Taking Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, this study measured the intensity of rural space and territorial function, and evaluated the comprehensive potential of rural development in Pinggu District. By constructing the evaluation model of rural function and coordination degree, the characteristics of coordination degree difference in Pinggu rural area are described. Finally, on the basis of the superposition of rural potential and coordination space in Pinggu District, the optimization strategy of rural space is put forward. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) In 2019, the areas of rural production space, living space and ecological space in Pinggu District were 40623.38 hectares, 9820.77 hectares and 137566.74 hectares respectively.Production, livingand ecological space are distributedin strips, lumps and clusters. The results showed that the functional intensity of rural production space and living space was significantly higher than that of rural ecological function value, which were 0.19, 0.21 and 0.07 respectively. During the research period, the leading functions of the whole region have transferred from the “endogenous and basic guarantee” type to the “outward and advanced service” type. There are obvious differences in spatial function between the towns far away from the urban center and those close to the urban area, showing the distribution characteristics of "prominent production and living functions concentrate in the central town, and the strength and weakness intersperse in other towns", with a large proportion of ecological functions in the eastern and northern mountainous areas.

(2) From 2004 to 2019, the comprehensive value of rural areas and sub territorial functions in Pinggu district increased significantly, with the total score increasing from 0.1024 to 0.1787, at the rate of 74.44%. The values of production, living and ecological territorial functions are 0.2355,0.2532and0.2015, respectively. The spatial pattern of the comprehensive level of the territorial functions of each township is obviously different, and its strength is decentralized. The territorial function of production shows the distribution characteristics of "gathering in pots, decreasing in circle", the territorial function of living shows the distribution characteristics of "protruding in suburban plain, high and low interlacing in the suburban area", and the territorial function of ecology shows the distribution characteristics of "leaning hills, banding in series".

(3) Influenced by the natural resource endowment, the level of social and economic development and the difference of policy support, the rural sub territorial function space in Pinggu District has certain regional characteristics. The spatial pattern of agricultural production function is strongly distributed in southwest region but weakly in northeast region. The high value industrial and commercial development function areas are clustered around the central urban area of Pinggu; The functions of human settlements and social security are obviously different in space. The towns with strong spatial functions are distributed in the southwest of the region, but the differences weaken with time, while the functions of rural social security are changing from "strong in the South and weak in the north" to "strong in the north and weak in the South";The ecological conservation function decreases from the northern mountainous area and the half mountainous area to the southwest plain, while the high value area of environmental maintenance function is concentrated in the suburban plain.

(4) According to the calculation results of the evaluation index system of rural comprehensive development potential, the rural development potential score of Pinggu District in 2019 is 0.2583, which is at alowlevel.The production potential is higher than the living potential and far higher than the ecological potential. The values are 0.1615, 0.0787 and 0.018 respectively. The areas with high production potential are concentrated in the Southwest Industrial and high-speed development areas. As the living basis and service resources are concentrated in the core urban areas and towns, the living potential value of counties and the marginal areas of towns is high, and the area along the river is an important potential space for ecological functions. Based on  the NRCA model, the comparative advantage index of rural development potential in Pinggu District is calculated.The results show that the towns with comparative advantage of various potential in Pinggu District are consistent with the high value areas with potential classification.

(5) By using the model of minimum coordination degree of dispersion coefficient, the result of calculating the coordination degree of "spatial functionterritorial function- development potential" in rural areas shows that the coordination degree ofrural functions and potential in the whole area is higher,with an average of 0.57. The proportion of “basic coordination”, “moderate coordination” and “high coordination” was 26.91%, 30.18% and 1.82% respectively. In space, the coordination degree of function and potential is characterized by "high in the West and low in the East". Based on the results of rural potential evaluation and coordination level calculation, 275 villages in Pinggu District are divided into 9 "potential type-coordination degree" combinations. According to the above combination and classification, four optimization directions of rural spatial pattern are put forward: "resource integration, joint development", "coordinated promotion, rational development", "resource sharing, cross-border cooperation", "ecological conservation, moderate development".