能源战略作为一国国家战略的重要组成部分，是维护能源安全，实现国家利益的基本内容之一，其制定凸显了国家的地缘政治及国家利益至上的考虑。在贯彻能源战略的能源政策及外交的表现中，受国内政治因素的影响，与他国的博弈与妥协推动着国际能源市场的变化以及国际政治的发展。而在“世界油库”——中东、“心脏地带”——中亚—里海地区，这些无法被忽视的世界能源产地，更是积聚了各大国的目光。作为世界第一能源消耗大国的美国和世界能源生产大国的俄罗斯，不仅形成了相对完备的国内能源战略理论体系以及别具特色的对外能源战略，在能源外交上也显得成熟而稳健，但是不同的现实状况下的不同选择，体现了其国内外政治的共同作用， 也彰显了国内政治与对外关系的复杂互动。

The energy strategy is an important part of a county’s national strategy, which maintains energy security and realizes the basic element of national interests .The formulation highlights the country's geopolitical and national interests above everything else to consider. In the implementation of the strategic energy and its performance in foreign affairs, domestic political factors, gaming with other countries and compromise drive the changes in international energy markets and international political developments. In the "World oil tank" - the Middle East, "the heart" - Central Asia - Caspian Sea region, the world cannot be neglected source of energy, where tons of nations focus their attention. The United States as the world's first energy consumption power and Russia which is one of the world energy producers, not only have formed a relatively comprehensive theoretical domestic energy strategy system, and a series of distinct foreign energy strategies, but also have appeared more mature and stable in energy diplomacy. However, the reality of the different choices in different situation, reflects its domestic political function, also reveals the complex interaction of the domestic political and foreign relations.