本研究编制了四组道德情境故事，内容涉及“填写信息”、“散播谣言”、“初次认识”、“相互竞争”四个事件，以此作为调查材料，对507名中学生组成的样本进行测查，探讨了青少年在现实与网络背景条件下对说谎的道德评价，并以此来检验道德发展中的普遍性问题以及Sweetser有关说谎的民俗模式。结果发现：（1）现实背景下更多青少年会选择说真话，而网络背景下更多的被试会选择说谎话，并且认为在网络中说谎是正当的，同时被试对网络背景下说谎行为的谅解程度也要显著高于现实背景下的谅解程度。（2）青少年对于相同背景下不同情境中的说谎行为的选择与道德评价有显著差异，不同情境中的道德评价差异，体现了情境因素对行为选择与道德评价的巨大作用。谎言的类型不尽相同，青少年对不同类型的说谎行为的道德评价也是存在差异的，相比较而言，选择捏造这种类型的被试比隐瞒的更多，对隐瞒类型的谎言的评价也更低。（3）不论在现实或网络背景下，在大部分的情境中，青少年的说谎行为存在显著的性别差异。女生说谎的人数比例显著大于男生。同时，初、高中年级存在显著的年级差异，表现为高中生选择说谎的人数要显著多于初中生。（4）青少年网龄的长短、对网络重要性的评定程度、对网上朋友的信任程度以及自我报告网上说谎的程度等上网情况与其是否在网络中说谎是存在相关的，但这种相关程度较低。大多数青少年能够较理性地看待网络中的谎言，能够区别对待网络与现实两种不同的环境，网络中的思维方式、道德判断基本上不会影响现实中对说谎的道德评价。

Four sets of contextual moral stories whose content is respectively “completing information”, “spreading rumors”, “initial acquaintance” and “competing with each other” have been made as the investigating materials of this study, which have been administered to a sample of 507 middle school students. In this study, we discuss the adolescents’ moral evaluation of lying in the realistic and internet context and try to examine the general problems in moral development and the folk- loristic model of lying by Sweetser. The results showed: (1) In realistic context, more adolescents would choose to tell the truth, while in internet context more would choose to lie and take it as granted. Besides, lying behaviors in internet context receive more understandings by the subjects than in realistic context. (2) For adolescents in different contexts but the same background, the possibility and moral evaluation of lying has significant differences, which reveals that the contextual factor have great influence on lying behavior and its moral evaluation. The lying types are various and the adolescents’ moral evaluations of them are different. In general, adolescents who choose to fabricate a story are more than those who choose to conceal the fact. Besides, the adolescents’ evaluation of concealing is lower than other types of lying behaviors. (3) No matter in realistic or internet context, in most contexts, the proportion of the female adolescents lying is much higher than the proportion of male. Simultaneously, there exist significant grade differences between low and high grades in middle school, which is revealed by the greater number of high school students who are lying. (4) The time that adolescents have contacted with internet, the evaluation of the internet importance, how much the adolescents would trust an online friends and the degree of the self-reported on-line lying correlate with the on-line lying behaviors, however, these relations are relatively low. Most adolescents would reasonably consider the lie on the internet and are able to distinguish realistic and internet context. The thinking style and moral evaluation in internet context basically would not affect the moral evaluation of lying in realistic context.