情绪调节能力是情绪智力的重要指标和情绪健康的重要影响因素，研究情绪调节的神经机制，有助于人们找到情绪健康水平的生理指标和抑郁、焦虑、冲动行为等心理问题的神经基础。认知重评是通过重新建构情绪情境、事件或刺激的意义来改变自己的情绪的一种很有效的情绪调节方法，目前是情绪调节研究中的主要考察对象。本研究采用有良好时间分辨率的事件相关电位（Event-related potential，ERP）技术，对负性情绪图片引发的情绪反应和对其进行认知重评的时间进程进行考察，这在中国是第一次。19名女大学生在熟练掌握认知重评的情绪调节方法后，观看中性和负性情绪图片，并在看负性图片时完成保持情绪不变、减弱调节情绪或增强调节情绪三种任务。实验结果表明：（1）观看负性图片比观看中性图片诱发的ERP波幅有更大正的走向，这种情绪效应始于150ms，持续到2000ms左右，出现在在全脑广泛分布的P2、LPP上。（2）增强调节增大了情绪唤醒度，同时也使P2、LPP比仅观看负性图片，不进行情绪调节时更正，这种效应始于150ms，持续到3000ms（图片消失时）；减弱调节减小了情绪唤醒度，但其诱发的ERP波形跟增强调节十分类似，并没有使P2、LPP的波幅减小。（3）相比仅观看负性图片，不进行情绪调节的条件，减弱和增强调节都使LPP前段（350-750ms）波幅有较多的增大。（4）我们没有发现负性图片的唤醒度和它诱发的LPP波幅之间存在正相关，唤醒度的变化量和LPP波幅的变化量也没有正相关。在减弱调节条件，唤醒度的变化量和LPP波幅的变化量反而呈负相关。但在进一步数据分析中，根据被试的评定将刺激图片按唤醒度高低分为两组，发现唤醒度高的图片比唤醒度低的图片引发更大的LPP。跟西方的研究相比较而言，本研究中，中国被试在LPP上的情绪效应持续时间较短；减弱情绪调节倾向于使LPP波幅增大；LPP波幅不仅反映情绪唤醒度的变化，其前段（350-750ms）受情绪调节的认知活动影响也较大。

The ability to conduct effective emotion regulation is an important aspect of emotion intelligence as well as emotional health. To study the neural mechanism of emotion regulation can help us to find the physical indexes of emotional health level and to understand the neural basis of depression, anxiety, impulsive behaviors as well as other psychological problems in relation to emotion. The most frequently studied emotion regulation strategy at present is cognitive reappraisal. By reconstruction of the meaning of emotional situation, events or stimulus, cognitive reappraisal always changes the emotion effectively. This study, adopting the high temporal resolution technique of Event-related potential, investigated the effects of negative emotion, reappraisal and their time course. It is the first time in China to study emotion regulation using ERP technique.19 female university students participated in this study. They were trained to master the reappraisal strategy, and then watched neutral and negative pictures selected from IAPS and CAPS. While watching negative pictures, they were instructed to maintain, decrease or increase negative emotions. These are the main results: First, negative pictures elicited more positive going ERP waves, including larger P2、LPP. This effect began at 150ms, lasting until about 2000ms. Second, increase regulation successfully enhanced both arousal and P2、LPP amplitudes, compare to the emotion maintain condition. This effect began around 150ms and lasted all the 3000ms of picture presentation. Decrease regulation also successfully made the pictures less arousal; however, it enhanced the P2、LPP instead of decreasing them. Third, compared to passive viewing pictures, both decrease and increase regulations significantly enhanced LPP at its early stage (350-750ms). Fourth, we didn’t find the positive correlation between the arousal of the negative pictures and the LPP amplitude they elicited. There was no positive correlation between the change in arousal and that in LPP amplitude either, and in the decrease condition, they even negatively correlated. However, we divided the pictures into two groups according to each subject’s arousal rating of them in further analysis, finding that the pictures of relatively higher arousal elicited larger LPP than those of relatively lower arousal. Compared with previous studies among the western people, in this study, the negative emotion effects reflected in LPP lasted for a shorter period. The decrease regulation of emotion tends to make LPP larger. Moreover, the LPP was modulated not only by emotional arousal, but its early stage was also influenced by the cognitive process while regulating emotion.