家庭是儿童生命历程中的重要场所，家庭互动影响儿童的成长与发展，儿童是亲子互动中的重要主体。家庭中的亲子沟通是指在家庭的生产生活中父母和子女之间相互交换资料信息、意见、态度，以达到共同了解、相互合作完成家庭的生产活动的过程。

通过倾听儿童的表达来深入理解儿童的经历、观点和行为选择是儿童社会工作顺利开展最重要的基础，也是儿童社会工作活动设计和干预的前提。流动儿童是社会工作需要重点关注的对象，了解流动儿童在亲子互动中的沟通策略能够更好的关注儿童心理健康发展，促进儿童的身心全面健康发展。通过总结整理以往的研究发现，关于亲子互动和家庭沟通的研究大多集中于家庭权力结构、家庭教养方式、家庭功能等宏观角度，较少从家庭主体，例如父母或儿童角度出发去研究。在亲子互动的沟通过程中，面对不同的场景，儿童采取不同的沟通策略，这些策略也体现儿童沟通的特点。

本研究基于流动的背景下研究儿童在家庭中的沟通策略，打工子弟小学的流动儿童属于社会弱势群体。本研究在杭州一所打工子弟小学开展调研，研究对象为36名在读小学生，三年级和五年级各18人，通过一对一访谈和小组活动的方式获得研究材料。通过一对一访谈的方式了解儿童的成长发展历程和在亲子互动中的沟通方式，开展小组活动观测儿童在面临互动情景时所采取的沟通策略。

本研究旨在回答以下问题：其一，在亲子互动过程中，面对个人意志实现，流动儿童所采取的沟通策略；其二，儿童沟通策略体现的特点；其三，从儿童视角出发，亲子互动中所存在的沟通问题。

本研究发现流动儿童与父母及其他监护人的沟通方式有以下几种：直接表达、隐藏或掩饰、转换沟通对象、妥协、乞求、模仿性行为、说服、自我努力。沟通中策略的关键要点：好成绩更“有底气”、儿童的“过于早熟”、父母“开心”。从而得出研究结论：

1）亲子互动过程中，面临自我意志的实现这一选择，儿童的沟通策略可分为主动型沟通策略和被动型沟通策略两种类型，具体的沟通策略表现形式多样。另外，沟通策略的选择也常常受父母心情和考试成绩影响；

2）儿童的沟通策略体现的特点有：成绩作为兑换的筹码，“洞察力”强，过早的“成人”化，自立自强；

3）以儿童视角出发，研究发现亲子互动中面临着沟通问题，如儿童主体被忽视、儿童早熟、父母沟通意识淡薄、缺乏有效沟通、学校和家庭脱节等等。

针对于在研究中发现的问题，本文从五个方面提出建议：树立沟通意识，强化沟通技巧；政府加强对流动儿童管理的投入力度；调动社会力量，营造良好氛围；推进综合素质多维考核机制；引进学校社工，关注儿童心理。重视家庭功能，通过提高亲子沟通质量促进儿童身心健康发展任重而道远，需要家庭、学校、社区和社会力量等多方面共同努力。

The family is an important place in the life of children. Family interaction affects the growth and development of children. Children are an important subject in parent-child interaction. Parent-child communication is an important part of the family interaction process. Parent-child communication in the family refers to the exchange of information, opinions, and attitudes between parents and children in the production and life of the family, so as to achieve mutual understanding and mutual cooperation to complete the family The process of production activities.

Listening to children’s expressions to deeply understand children’s experiences, opinions and behavior choices is the most important basis for the smooth development of children’s social work, as well as a prerequisite for the design and intervention of children’s social work activities. Migrant children are the objects of social work that need to be focused on. Understanding the communication strategies of migrant children in parent-child interaction can better pay attention to the development of children's mental health and promote the overall healthy development of children's body and mind. By summarizing and sorting out previous studies, it is found that the research on parent-child interaction and family communication mostly focuses on the macro perspective of family power structure, family parenting style, family function, etc., and less research from the perspective of family subjects, such as parents or children. In the communication process of parent-child interaction, facing different scenarios, children adopt different communication strategies, which also reflect the characteristics of children's communication.

This research is based on the background of mobility to study children's communication strategies in the family. Migrant children in primary schools for migrant children belong to socially disadvantaged groups. This research was conducted in a primary school for migrant children in Hangzhou. The subjects were 36 primary school students, 18 in the third and fifth grades. The research materials were obtained through one-on-one interviews and group activities. Through one-on-one interviews to understand children's growth and development process and the way of communication in parent-child interactions, group activities are carried out to observe the communication strategies adopted by children when facing interactive situations.This research aims to answer the following questions: First, in the process of parent-child interaction, facing the realization of personal will, the communication strategies adopted by migrant children; second, the characteristics of children’s communication strategies; third, from the perspective of children, parent-child Communication problems in the interaction.

This study found that migrant children communicate with their parents and other guardians in the following ways: direct expression, hiding or disguising, changing the object of communication, compromise, begging, imitating sexual behavior, persuasion, self-effort; by summarizing the characteristics of the communication method In summary, it is found that children’s communication strategy presents the following characteristics: achievement-bargaining chip for redemption, keen "insight", premature "adult", self-reliance and self-reliance. To draw conclusions of the research:

1) In the process of parent-child interaction, facing the choice of realizing self-will, children's communication strategies can be divided into two types: active communication strategies and passive communication strategies. The specific communication strategies manifest themselves in various forms. In addition, the choice of communication strategy is often affected by parents' mood and test scores;

2) The characteristics of children's communication strategies include: achievement as a bargaining chip for redemption, sharp "insight", premature "adult", self-reliance and self-reliance.

3) From the perspective of children, the study found that there are communication problems in parent-child interactions, such as neglect of children, precocious puberty, weak parental awareness of communication, lack of effective communication, school and family disconnect, and so on.

In response to the problems found in the research, this article proposes suggestions from five aspects: establish communication awareness and strengthen communication skills; the government strengthens investment in the management of migrant children; mobilize social forces to create a good atmosphere; promote a comprehensive quality multi-dimensional assessment mechanism; Introduce school social workers to pay attention to children's psychology. Paying attention to family functions, and promoting the physical and mental health of children by improving the quality of parent-child communication is a long way to go.

KEY WORDS：parent-child interaction, communication strategy, family, social work