人类胚胎干细胞研究是近年来生命科学领域和再生医学领域的重要课题，它的研究成果能很好地解决人类再生医疗的难题，治疗某些疑难杂症，解决器官移植来源不足等问题，对人类健康具有重大意义。但是，由于研究过程要破坏人类胚胎，这一研究触动了伦理、宗教、法律的敏感区域。关于它的伦理争论愈演愈烈，成为科学哲学，特别是生命伦理学日益关注的热点问题。为了理清这一争论，找到合理解释，本文采用生命科学和伦理学的双重视角，以生命伦理学的根本宗旨（不伤害、有利、尊重、公正）为基本准则，从争论集中的三个方面（人类胚胎的道德地位，治疗性克隆和生殖性克隆的关系，研究中胚胎的不同来源产生的伦理争论及对策）对人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理争论进行了系统的分析。分析认为，人类胚胎不是“人”，只是人类的生物学生命，具有发展成人的潜能，毁灭人类胚胎不是杀人。但是人类胚胎具有一定的道德地位，应该得到一定的尊重。治疗性克隆并不必然滑向生殖性克隆。为了挽救病人的生命而进行的胚胎干细胞研究是可以得到伦理辩护的，但研究必须在严格的伦理、法律约束之下进行。文章提出了人类胚胎干细胞研究伦理争议的根本问题——人类胚胎与病人利益的冲突，认为应当用双重效应原则对待争议。本文总结了人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理争论产生的原因，强调了人类胚胎干细胞研究必须在法律、政策、伦理规则的严格约束下才能开展。详细阐述了应该遵循的规则，为胚胎干细胞研究的发展提供了指导。加强对人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理约束和法律监管，防止人类胚胎干细胞研究的新成就被误用和滥用，让科技和伦理的双重力量保证人类胚胎干细胞研究最大限度地造福人类，是本文的用意所在。

Human embryonic stem cell research is an important subject of life sciences and medical regeneration in recent years, and its production can well solve the difficult problems of medical treatment as well as overcome some tough or complicated cases in medicine and life sciences. Human embryonic stem cell research is significative for human healthiness. However, the research process has to destroy the embryos, which touch the sensitive regions in ethics, religion, and law and so on. The ethical controversy about human embryonic stem cell research develops fiercely. In order to clear off this issue, and find the reasonable explanations, this article has carried on the systematical analysis to the ethical controversy of human embryonic stem cell research, from three aspects (moral status of human embryo, the relations between therapeutic cloning and generative cloning, ethical questions and solutions in different sources of embryos), using dual angles of view in life sciences and ethics, and taking the life ethics’ basic objective (not to injure, advantageous, to respect, fair) as the basic criterions. The conclusion of analysis is that, the human embryo is not the human, and it is only humanity's biology life. The human embryo has potential of developing from embryo into human, so embryo has certain moral status, and should be respected to a certain extent. Therapeutic cloning doesn’t become generative cloning inevitably. Human embryonic stem cell research may be under the permission in order to save the patients’ life. Human embryonic stem cell research must be carried on under the strict restraints of ethics and law. This article has justified that the basic ethic question of human embryonic stem cell research is the interest conflict between human embryos and patients. We should treat the conflict with the dual effect principle.This article summarizes the reasons of ethical controversy on human embryonic stem cell research; at the same time, emphasizes that the human embryonic stem cell research must be developed according to law, policy and ethical rules. Besides, it elaborates the details of ethical rules, which provide the instructions for the development of embryonic stem cell research. We should develop the human embryonic stem cell research with ethical restraints and legal supervising, in addition, prevent misused and abuses with human embryonic stem cell research. Also, we are supposed to guarantee the human embryonic stem cell research benefit the humanity in maximum limit, which is this article’s intention.