时间偏好是经济学（尤其是投资和储蓄领域）中的一个术语，也是广义人力资本框架下一种重要的非认知能力，指向个体面临跨期决策时的价值倾向。时间偏好较高的人，拥有更明显的当下享乐倾向，更加重视眼前的利益；时间偏好较低的人，更加重视长远的利益。时间偏好不仅会影响青少年的学业成绩，还能够预测未来收入、储蓄和投资行为、健康状况、成瘾和犯罪行为，遍历生命周期各个阶段，对个人与社会都有深远影响。时间偏好并非天生固有的，而是受到个体所处环境影响且可以变化的。

本文结合行为经济学时间偏好理论、稀缺理论以及已有研究，基于Hanusheck广义教育生产函数构建家庭资源对青少年时间偏好的影响模型，主要使用2016—2017年中国儿童参与状况调查的中学问卷，针对初中、高中阶段青少年样本进行实证研究，主要使用OLS、倾向得分匹配（PSM）、中介效应分析方法作为研究方法，验证家庭资源对青少年时间偏好的影响效应和影响机制。其中，家庭资源主要分为结构性资源与过程性资源两种，青少年时间偏好使用金钱选择量表（MCQ）进行测量。

本文主要结论如下：第一，总体而言，家庭结构性资源和过程性资源均对青少年时间偏好有显著影响，且家庭资源越丰富，青少年的时间偏好水平越低，即当下享乐倾向更少，更关注长远利益。第二，具体而言，家庭收入、父母生育年龄、家庭阶层、父母婚姻状态、母亲温暖、（与）父亲冲突等因素对青少年时间偏好水平有显著影响。第三，对于不同学段、性别、所在学校质量、所在地域的青少年，这种影响的效应有显著差异。第四，在家庭资源对青少年时间偏好的影响中，青少年的闲暇活动起到了中介作用，其中娱乐性闲暇的中介作用显著。

Time preference is a term used in economics (especially in the field of investment and savings) and an important non-cognitive ability in the broad human capital framework, pointing to an individual's propensity to value when faced with intertemporal decisions. People with higher time preferences have a more pronounced present-biased and place greater value on immediate benefits, while those with lower time preferences place greater value on long-term benefits. Time preference not only affects adolescents' academic performance, but also predicts their future income, saving and investment behaviour, health, addiction, and delinquency, across all stages of the life cycle, with profound implications for individuals and society. Time preferences are not inherent, but are influenced by the environment in which an individual life and can change.
This thesis combines behavioural economics time preference theory, scarcity theory and existing research to construct a model of the effect of family resources on adolescents' time preference based on Hanusheck's generalised educational production function, using mainly secondary school questionnaires from the 2016-2017 China Child Participation Survey, and an empirical study on a sample of adolescents at junior and senior high school levels. This thesis mainly conducts OLS, propensity score matching (PSM), and mediated effects analysis methods as research methods to verify the effects and impact mechanisms of family resources on adolescents' time preferences. Family resources are divided into structural and process resources, and adolescents' time preference is measured using the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ).
The main findings of this paper are as follows: First, in general, family structural resources have a significant effect on adolescents' time preference, and the richer the family structural resources are, the lower the level of adolescents' time preference is, i.e. less inclined to enjoy the present and more concerned with long-term benefits. Second, specifically, family income and parents' age at childbirth are significantly and negatively related to adolescents' time preference, meaning that as family income increases or parents' age at childbirth increases, adolescents' immediate preference decreases and becomes more focused on long-term interests, while family class is significantly and positively related to adolescents' time preference. Third, this effect differs significantly for adolescents across class, gender, and the quality of the school they attend. Fourth, adolescents' leisure activities play a mediating role in the effect of family resources on adolescents' time preference, with recreational leisure playing a significant mediating role.
The main findings of this paper are as follows: First, in general, both structural and process family resources have a significant effect on adolescents' time preference, and the richer the family resources, the lower the level of adolescents' time preference, i.e. the less inclined to present bias and the more concerned with long-term interests. Second, specifically, family income, parents' age at childbirth, family class, parents' marriage, mother's warmth, and conflict with father had significant effects on adolescents' levels of time preference. Third, the effects of this influence differed significantly for adolescents by class, gender, quality of school attended, and location. Fourth, adolescents' leisure activities play a mediating role in the effect of family resources on adolescents' time preferences, with recreational leisure playing a significant mediating role.