20世纪80年代初，以发展小城镇为重点的乡村城市化建设全面展开，第二、三产业的迅速膨胀压缩了农村的土地和农民的生活空间。上海作为我国城市化水平最高的城市，共征用、租借郊区土地近达百万多亩，与此同时，失地农民数量也急剧上升。失地农民的社会适应状况不仅反映了失地农民的生活工作现状，而且反映了社区层面的经济建设、基层组织建设等，乃至社会层面，如制度制定与执行的合理合法性。通过对上海近郊汤村失地农民的社会适应进行研究，笔者发现他们对于各种变化的行为或心理反应可以分成两种方式，即接纳型社会适应模式和排斥型社会适应模式。采取接纳型社会适应模式的失地农民通过不断调整自己的行为和心理来达到与社会环境保持和谐的目的，他们的社会适应程度较高；采取排斥型社会适应模式的失地农民在社会适应过程中心理、行为的调整较少，而与社会环境之间的矛盾较多，他们的社会适应程度低。一些特定群体对于某种变化的适应模式呈现出较高的一致性，如青年失地农民、女性老年失地农民、高中及以上较高学历的失地农民以及各个征地批次的失地农民。接纳型社会适应模式有利于促进新型社区经济的出现与繁荣，有利于居委会作为新的社区权威展开工作，有利于社区规范的确立及有效执行；进一步而言，新型社区经济的出现、居委会工作的顺利开展以及社区规范的有效执行等有利于保护失地农民的利益，提高失地农民的社会适应程度。而排斥型社会适应模式则相反。接纳型社会适应模式有利于我国基本经济制度、民主政治制度、社会保障制度等制度的制定与实施，有利于维护社会的和谐和政府的权威形象，也有利于政权的稳固和国际地位的提高；而和谐社会的建成，国家的稳定也有利于保护失地农民的权益，从而有利于提高他们的社会适应程度。而排斥型社会适应模式则相反。政府不仅要通过制度创新完善征地补偿与安置、推进社区转型，还可以通过提供就业岗位、举办职业技能培训或文化补习班、思想教育等方式来提高失地农民的社会适应程度；同时，政府还应鼓励失地农民主动学习、热爱学习以获得更好的生存、更快的发展。

Urbanization was speeded up in China in the early 1980s. During urbanization, small towns have been constructed quickly. The rapid development of secondary and tertiary industries has a deeply effect on the depletion of rural land in numbers and the contraction of peasants’ living space. The level of urbanization of Shanghai is the highest in China. Until now, government has been expropriated million mu of suburban land. And the number of land-expropriated peasants grows rapidly. Social adaption of land-expropriated peasants not only reflects their real life and work, but also reflects the construction of community economy, the building of grass-roots organizations, the legitimacy and rationality of all kinds of systems and so on.Based on the research results, author concludes that there are two patterns of social adaption of land-expropriated peasants in Tang village: acceptive pattern and rejective pattern. Acceptive pattern means that land-expropriated peasants are willing to adjust their action and mentality to the new social environment. Levels of the social adaption of these land-expropriated peasants are high. Rejective pattern means that land-expropriated peasants are not willing to adjust their action and mentality to the new social environment. Levels of the social adaption of these land-expropriated peasants are low.Patterns of social adaption of some land-expropriated peasants are same, such as the young, the old women, and the peasants holding high academic degrees. Besides, patterns of some peasants are same whose lands were expropriated at the same time.Acceptive pattern of social adaption promotes the development of new community economy. It is helpful for neighborhood committee to improve daily work and establish new community authority. It can also make community norms formulated quickly and implemented successfully. These are beneficial for land-expropriated peasants to protect their rights and interests and raise the level of social adaption. But rejective pattern is on the contrary.Acceptive pattern of social adaption is helpful for government to formulate and implement systems, such as basic economic system, democracy system, and social security system. It is beneficial to build a harmonious society, safeguard the reputation of government, make political power secure, elevate the position of the country in the family of nations. These are helpful for land-expropriated peasants to protect their rights and interests and raise the level of social adaption. But rejective pattern is on the contrary.Government should not only perfect the implement of land expropriation compensation and settlement, contribute to the community changes by means of system innovation, but also can raise the level of social adaption of land-expropriated peasants by way of providing employment opportunities, technical skill training, and ideological education. At the same time, government should encourage land-expropriated peasants to study more actively and hardly in order to acquire better life and development.