民事诉讼请求是民事诉讼的核心内容。理论上，民事诉讼请求是由逻辑起点、本体内容和程序要求所共同组成的法律构造。民事诉讼请求的逻辑起点是实体法中的基础性权利，本体内容是请求权，诉讼请求获得实体判决的程序要求是实体判决要件。消费民事公益诉讼请求专指由法律所明确赋权的适格主体，即由检察机关和消费者协会提起的旨在维护消费公共利益的特殊民事诉讼请求。消费民事公益诉讼请求呈公益性、分离性、多元性和异质性，同时区别于行政公益诉讼请求、环境民事公益诉讼请求和英烈保护民事公益诉讼请求。上述特殊性的存在决定了消费民事公益诉讼请求法律构造的特殊性。

消费民事公益诉讼请求的逻辑起点、请求权类型和实体判决要件具有特殊性。首先，消费民事公益诉讼请求的逻辑起点是主观层面的消费公共利益。消费公共利益的认定应采取“公共利益具体化”的解释思路。在将消费者分为不特定多数实际性消费者、潜在性消费者和整体性消费者的基础上，以消费者权利概念为依据，可将消费民事公益诉讼请求的逻辑起点具体化为：公共性人身安全权、公共性财产安全权、公共性知情权、公共性自主选择权、公共性公平交易权、公共性受尊权、公共性信息保护权利以及公共性财产利益和消费精神利益。其次，消费民事公益诉讼请求的请求权是能够保护和救济消费公共利益的手段性权利。请求权的类型决定了消费民事公益诉讼请求的类型。请求权类型的设置受请求权适用目标、解释进路和设置依据的影响。在侵权类、合同类和人格类请求权的解释范畴中，以公益预防、公益救济和私益支持为目标指引，可将与主观消费公共利益相对应的请求权类型确定为停止侵害、排除妨碍、消费危险、确认无效、确认关键事实、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失、惩罚性赔偿以及相关费用请求权。最后，消费民事公益诉讼请求的实体判决要件具有特殊要义。实体判决要件是诉讼请求之实体判决的程序要求。诉的利益是与诉讼请求适法性相关的实体判决要件。根据诉的利益和消费民事公益诉讼的特殊性，消费民事公益诉讼请求之实体判决应以消费公共利益危害、诉讼请求的前置解决和诉讼请求提起的优先顺位为必要性要件，以非直接利害关系起诉主体的诉权滥用和多元适格主体的重复诉讼为妨碍性要件。为确保消费民事公益诉讼的程序正当性和适用价值，法官应遵循公益性、整体性、合理性和诚信原则，采职权调查方式，对消费民事公益诉讼请求实体判决的必要性和实效性进行审查和判断。

我国消费民事公益诉讼请求的实践展开亟需加强制度保障。随着立法的逐步推进，我国消费民事公益诉讼请求实践展开的立法基础已经形成，但是原则化、碎片化和区别化的立法不足以支撑诉讼请求的理性运行。逻辑起点的异化倾向、请求权类型的适用乱象和实体判决之必要性和实效性不足的程序瑕疵是我国消费民事公益诉讼请求的实践困境。问题的本质在于现有法律规范与规范出发型裁判构造之间的供需失衡，诉讼程序与诉的利益之间的不相适配性以及群体权利救济通道堵塞和消费民事公益诉讼功能局限造成的制度罅隙。根据消费民事公益诉讼请求的适法性要求，优化权利规范体系、健全程序保障机制、搭建私益支持平台是消费民事公益诉讼请求理性运行的制度保障对策。

        Civil claim is the core of civil litigation. In theory, claim is a legal structure composed of logical starting point, ontology content and procedural requirements. The logical starting point of the civil claim is the basic right in the substantive law, the ontology content is the substantive right of claim, and the procedural requirements are the substantive judgment elements stipulated by the procedural law. The consumer civil public interest litigation claims are the special civil claims initiated by the prosecutors and the consumer associations who are clearly authorized by the law, and aim to protect public interest in the consumer field. Publicity, separation, diversity and heterogeneity are the special features of consumer civil public interest litigation claim. It is also distinguished from the administrative public interest litigation claim, the environmental civil public interest litigation claim and the heroic protection civil public interest litigation claim. The existence of the above-mentioned peculiarities determines the particularity of the legal structure of consumer civil public interest litigation claim.

        The logical starting point, the type of claim right and the substantive judgment requirements of consumer civil public interest litigation are special. Firstly, the logical starting point of consumer civil public interest litigation claim is the subjective consumer public interest. For the determination of consumer public interest, the interpretation idea of “concretizing public interest” should be adopted. On the basis of categorizing consumers into an unspecified majority of actual consumers, potential consumers and overall consumers, according to the concept of consumer rights, all the logical starting points of consumer civil public interest litigation claims can be embodied as follows: public personal safety rights, public property security rights, public information-informed rights, public discretionary rights, public fair transactions right, public respectability right, public information protection rights, and public property benefits and consumer spiritual benefits. Secondly, the right of claim in consumer civil public interest litigation is the means rights that can protect the public interest of consumer. The type of claim right determines the type of consumer civil public interest litigation claim. The setting of the types of claims is affected by the application target of the claim, the approach of legal interpretation and the basis of the setting. In the scope of interpretation of tort, contract, and personality claim rights, with the goals of public welfare prevention, public welfare relief and private benefit support, the types of claim rights corresponding to the subjective consumer public interest can be concluded as stopping infringement, eliminating obstacles, eliminating dangers, confirming invalidity, confirming facts, apologizing, compensating losses, punitive damages and related expenses. Finally, the substantive judgment requirements of consumer civil public interest litigation have special significance. The substantive judgment requirements are the procedural requirements of the claim. The litigation interest is the essential content related to the legality of the claim. According to the theory of the litigation interest and the particularity of consumer civil public interest litigation, the claims should be based on the harm of consumer public interest, the pre-non-litigation resolution, and the priority order. Instead, the abuse of the right of litigation by indirect interested parties and the repeated litigation by multiple litigation subjects should be the obstructive elements. In order to ensure the procedural legitimacy and applicable value of consumer civil public interest litigation, judges should follow the principles of public welfare, integrity, rationality and integrity, and adopt the method of authority investigation to examine and judge the necessity and effectiveness of the claims.

        The practice of consumer civil public interest litigation claims needs to strengthen the institutional guarantees in China. With the gradual advancement of legislation, the legislative foundation for the practice of consumer civil public interest litigation has been formed, but the principled, fragmented and differentiated legislation cannot support the rational operation of claim. The alienation tendency of the logical starting point, the application chaos of the types of claim rights, and the procedural flaws of the necessity and effectiveness of substantive judgments are the practical dilemmas of China’s consumer civil public interest litigation claims. The problems stem from the imbalance between supply and demand between the existing legal norms and the norm-based adjudication structure, the incompatibility between litigation procedures and the interests of the litigation, and the system gap caused by the blockage of group rights relief channels and the limitation of consumer civil public interest litigation functions. According to the legitimate requirements, optimizing the right standard system, perfecting the procedural guarantee mechanism, and building a private benefit support platform are the institutional guarantees for the rational operation of consumer civil public interest litigation claim.

        To sum up, consumer civil public interest litigation claim is a logical and rational legal structure. The practical operation of consumer civil public interest litigation claim should simultaneously meet the special requirements of the logical starting point, the type of claim rights and the substantive judgment requirements. Strengthening the theoretical research and system protection of litigation claims is the core driving force for the expansion of civil public interest litigation functions and the construction of systems.