本文从史学批评角度研究刘知幾的史学名著《史通》。由《史通》的具体篇章入手，从第一手的原始资料出发，探究内、外篇章的差异与联系，分析不同的行文论述特点，从整体上把握《史通》全书的著述体系。进而聚焦各篇主题，连贯上下篇目，进行围绕核心问题的合理分组。同时以《史通》具体篇章为基本单元，探索刘知幾史学批评的一般论证模式，获得对《史通》行文结构模式最微观层面的认识。随后从《史通》文本结构的分析深入到对刘知幾史学批评活动的整体探讨，总结出史学批评活动的五项重要原则。最后选择著名的“史才三长论”和具有代表性的8个史学批评范畴进行具体探究，作为对整体研究的具体补充，并分析刘知幾史学批评的影响。论文内容由绪论和六章正文组成。绪论，说明这一选题的学术意义，并分阶段简述刘知幾史学研究的现状，重点分析从史学批评角度研究《史通》已经取得的学术成果。随后是关于本选题重点、难点、创新点以及研究思路和方法的介绍。意在说明本文所要解决的问题和具有的研究价值。第一章，古代史学批评名著《史通》产生的条件。《史通》诞生在盛唐时代，从根本上讲是中国古代悠久而优良的史学传统所决定的。学术上的近因则是汉唐间史学的卓然独立，这一时期繁盛的历史著述需要总结，史书编纂中出现的问题需要及时纠正并提出规范。王充《论衡》的历史发展观与刘勰《文心雕龙》的著述旨趣对刘知幾的创作影响较大。最后，刘知幾多年的史馆著述生涯，既培养了他作为史学理论家的基本素养，也刺激他产生了私撰《史通》的想法。第二章，《史通》的著述体系。《史通》具有较为严密的著述体系，外篇言事，内篇言理的子书特点，反映出内篇的理论分析由外篇的事实评价归纳、提升而来。这种差异决定了行文模式上外篇重条陈例证，内篇重理论分析的显著差别。《史通》内篇各篇的专题研究贯穿了“发展史——核心含义——修撰方法——史学批评”的论证模式。四个步骤环环紧扣，层层递进，以史学事实为根本依据和出发点，以理论概念和方法论为承上启下的中心环节，以史学批评为行文的全面展开和议论终点。第三章，刘知幾史学批评的基本原则。整体考察刘知幾的史学批评活动，笔者认为其中贯穿的主要史学批评原则有：实事求是，反对主观臆断；史学批评立足于史学史，反对议论空泛；辩证分析，反对片面武断；关注时势，反对因循保守；恪守理性，反对荒诞虚妄。这一系列原则说明尽管刘知幾的史学批评关注的主要是历史编纂问题，但这些批评的根本立足点则是较为进步的历史观念。这说明刘知幾并不是“只言史法”。第四章，刘知幾的“史才三长论”。“史才三长论”是刘知幾留给后世史学的重要理论之一，主要谈的是史家修养问题。尽管在《史通》中他并没有明确提出这一理论，但很明显他对史家的评价是以“才”、“学”、“识”三方面的基本素养为标准的。“学”指的是知识储备，“才”强调的是撰述能力，“识”关注的则是历史见识。在刘知幾看来，史家的这三种基本素养“识”重于“才”，“才”又重于“学”。第五章，《史通》中重要史学批评范畴举隅。从《史通》内篇的35个史学专题中选择出8个具有代表性的重要史学范畴作有针对性的专门研究，探究《史通》史学批评研究的微观层面。“六家”与“二体”统领全书，又是史书体裁的代表；“采撰”与“叙事”是历史编纂和历史文学的代表；“直书”与“曲笔”讲的是史书撰述原则；“品藻”与“探赜”分别探讨人物评价和史书评判问题。第六章，《史通》对后世史学的影响。作为中国古代史学批评第一人，刘知幾史学批评的价值，首先体现在他提出、总结了若干史学范畴，开创了系统的中国古代史学批评理论。还体现在他的若干修史主张在后世史书编纂活动中得到了贯彻，《史通》也被四库馆臣誉为“监史”。除此之外，刘知幾的史学批评思想还对后世一些史家影响颇深，突出表现在章学诚等人对其史学的继承与发展。

The article carries out the research of Liu Zhiji's famous book-"Shi Tong" from the perspective historical criticism. Starting from each concrete canto of "Shi Tong" and the raw first-hand data, explore the differences and connections of "Shi Tong nei pian" and "Shi Tong wai pian", analysis different characteristics of the language, finally grasp of the book's writing system. And then focus on the theme of each canto, run-through every chapter from top to bottom, group them around the core issues in a reasonable way. As cantos are the basic unit of "Shi Tong", from which can explore the general argument patterns of Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism, and access the most micro level understanding of Liu Zhiji’s writing structure model. Then from the in-depth analysis of "Shi Tong" text structure, to the research of Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism in overall activities, summarize five important principles. Finally choose the famous "Shi Cai San Chang Lun" and 8 representative categories to undertake specific areas of inquiry, as a complement to the overall research, and analysis the influence of Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism. Introduction and six chapters from the thesis body composition. Introduction, describe academic significance of the topic, and show the introduction of Liu Zhiji’s historiography thoughts, which lay particular emphasis on his history criticism. Prossimo are the introduction of key innovations, nodus, research ideas and methods of presentation. In conclusion this portion is to illustrate the problems to be solved and the research value it owns. Chapter 1, show the producing conditions of the ancient famous historical criticism " Shi Tong " by. " Shi Tong " was born in Tang danasty, is fundamentally determined by a long and excellent history of ancient traditions of China. The academic cause of this boook is the independent development between Han and Tang dynasty, during which period the prosperous of historical writings need to sum up, the problems in compiling the history books need to be promptly corrected and the proposed specifications. Wang Chong’s Historical Development Idea in "Lun Heng," and Liu Xie’ s writings purport in "Wen Xin Diao Long" give Liu greater impact. Finally, a few years writing career, not only cultivate his culture's basic literacy, but also stimulate his inditing incentives. Chapter 2, the writing system in "Shi Tong". The book has a more rigorous system of writing. With the trait of "Zi Shu ", the book focus on object in "Nei Pian", logic in "Wai Pian", that reflecting the theoretical analysis of "Nei Pian" summarize and raise from the facts review of "Wai Pian". This difference determines the mode of "Wai Pian" is paid attention to array examples, "Nei Pian" is theoretical analysis. In "Wai Pian" every chapter, Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism has a fixed demonstration mode, " the history of historiography- theoretical concepts - the methodology - the history criticism". Four-step inter-related progressive layers, the history of historiography as a fundamental basis, is the starting point to theoretical concepts, the methodology as the central link connecting link to history criticism, which is the full swing and the discussion end. Chapter 3, Liu Zhiji’s basic principles of history criticism. Overall inspection Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism activities, I think there are 5 elementary principles through the main historical criticism: seeking truth from facts, against the subjective; historical criticism based on the history of historiography, against the arguments vague; dialectical analysis, against the one-sided arbitrary; concerned about the current situation, against the follow conservative; abide by reason, against the absurd false. Although this series of principles are associated with historiography, but the historical criticism is based on the more progressive concept of history. This shows that Liu is not only concern how to write history book.Chapter 4，Liu Zhiji’s "Shi Cai San Chang Lun"."Shi Cai San Chang Lun" is one of Liu’s most important theory left to future generations, which talks about the cultivation of historian. Although Liu Zhiji didn’t mention it in the "Shi Tong", it is clear that the evaluation of the historian, he used "Cai" "Xue" "Shi"-three basic historians’ cultivation as evaluation criterion. "Learning" refers to the knowledge base, "only" stressed the ability to pose, "Xue" is historians’ knowledge, "Cai"is historians’ writing ability, "Shi" is historians’ sense. Among three basic evaluation, "Cai" is more important than "Xue", "Shi" is more important than "Cai". Chapter 5, 8 important historical criticism category in "Shi Tong". Among 35 topics in "Nei Pian", 8 was closed for the specific thematic studies, to explore Liu’s Historical Criticism in tiny view. "Liu Jia" and "Er Ti" durbat the whole book, but also a representative of the genre history books; "Cai Zuan" and "Narrative" are representative of historiography and historical literature; "Zhi Shu" and "Qu Bi" state historians’ writing principles. "Pin Zao" and "Tan Ze" talk about afigure evaluation and works criticism. Chapter 6, "Shi Tong"’s influence to development of history subject. As the first person to historical criticism in ancient China, the value of his historical criticism, first of all reflected in his proposed summary of a number of historical category, and created the theory of historical criticism in ancient China. Also reflected in a number of his writing advocating carried out in the later history book writing. The book was also deemed to be "jian shi". In addition, Liu Zhiji’s historical criticism also deeply influenced later historians, that the most eminently express is Zhang Xuecheng and others’ inheritance and development of "Shi Tong".