学生作为大学中的一大主体，在大学中也相应行使着一定的权力，而作为学生权力最 主要的执行代表则是学生自治组织。本文整理了中美大学学生自治组织的历史脉络，并选 择了（伯克利）加州大学学生自治会（ASUC)和北京师范大学学生会（BNUSU)进行了 个案研究，考察了两者的现状、成就和问题。在此基础上比较了学生自治组织个案的特征 和类型，并探讨了学生自治组织的未来发展趋势。正文主要分为三大部分： 第一部分从历史的维度论述了中美大学学生 自治组织的演变。首先回顾了中世纪学生大学中的学生行会，接着分析了美国大学中的学生自治组织的发展过程。其次从中国古代高等学府中的学生力量出发考察了近代中国大学中的学生自治会演变为今 日学生会的历史。最后总结了中美大学学生自治组织在历史发展中的异同。 第二部分从微观的角度分析了(伯克利)加州大学学生自治会和北京师范大学学生会的宗旨、职能、结构、人员以及实际运作。学生自治组织在提供学生服务、组织课外活动上发挥了显著的作用，但面临着从关注服务和活动的“量”到关注“质”的转变;与此同时，尽管学生自治组织并不是参与大学管理的唯一方式，其有效性还存在争论，但是学生自治组织参与学生事务的管理和校园决策已经成为其不可或缺的内容。 第三部分从比较的视野探讨了上述两大个案在各自环境中的差异，分析了两者的类型和特征;其后讨论了大学中学生自治组织的未来发展趋势，指出随着将大学生视为“相关利益者”的新兴观点，学生自治势必要从 “自治”走向“共治”，而这一理念集中体现为学生参与大学管理，这也将成为学生自治组织未来发展中的一大主题。

Students as a main body of the university community, also exercise their power on the campus. Student government can be regarded as the official means for student power, which is the object of this thesis. After reviewing the historical developments of student government in the universities in China and America,the thesis focuses on analyzing two student governments for case study, and then probes into their characteristics and models. Eventually it discusses the main trends of student government. The thesis is divided into three parts as follows: 1. In part one, the evolutions of student government in the universities in China and America are discussed. Firstly it reviews tue student guilds of medieval university and developing stages of student government in American universities. Secondly it gives a historical overview of student government development in Chinese universities in the 20th century, on the basis of analyzing the student power in Chinese higher education institutions before 20th century. Finally, it discusses the difference from historical perspective. 2. The second part selected Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC)and Beijing Normal University Student Union (BNUSU) for case study, and analyses their purposes, commissions, structures, staff, functions and operations. It finds out both of them play an important role in student services and extra-curricular activities, but they need to de-emphasize the quantity of services and events and focus on quality;student government is not the only approach for student participation governance, and there are some questions on its effectiveness, however its practices of student participation in governance of student affairs and institutional policy-making are indispensable. 3. In part three, it emphasizes the characteristics and models of the two student governments, on the basis of comparing the difference factors in their environment. Subsequently, the trends student government are explored. When undergraduates are viewed as stakeholders, the slogan in the student government is changed from "self-governance"to "co-management".It means that the core of students' autonomy is student participation in university governance.