校本教研是教师专业发展的重要平台，也是推进新课改走向纵深的必然需求。但目前我国的校本教研，尤其是乡村学校校本教研仍存在一些问题，譬如教师专业能力不足，教师精力有限等等。而课例研究是教师以课为载体对教学实践中的问题展开的合作性研究，通常会经历“疑问——规划——行动——观察——反思和重新规划”的循环过程，是教师将理论与实践有效结合的选择之一，对我国校本教研有重大的借鉴意义。因此本研究基于课例研究改进乡村学校校本教研，通过行动研究、问卷调查、访谈、实物分析等多种研究方法，探索乡村学校开展校本教研的新举措。主要研究内容及结果如下：

1.本研究通过论证校本教研与课例研究的关系，发现课例研究是组织校本教研活动的一种有效形式。课例研究区别于以往的研磨课，有明确的研究主题，以科学的研究手段解决教师在教学中遇到的实际问题，更关注教师专业能力的发展，引导教师以科学严谨的研究态度投入校本教研。

2.本研究对北京市门头沟区各乡村学校开展校本教研活动的实际情况进行考察，通过调查发现目前乡村学校校本教研仍存在教研目标不明确、教研流于形式、教师时间有限、缺乏专家指导等亟待解决的问题。根据教师的期望，结合乡村学校的现实需求和困惑，制定课例研究实施方案。

3.基于调查结果组织教师开展课例研究，研究者参与其中通过访谈、观察等研究方法收集研究数据，分析教师在研究中的变化，并对教师在课例研究前后的表现进行描述。在课例研究的过程中，教师个人、团队整体以及课堂的教学效果均有较大提升，继而证明研究假设成立即课例研究有助于改进乡村学校校本教研。

基于以上研究结果，总结出如下建议：（1）学校应积极探索并建立课例研究改进乡村学校校本教研的内在机制，关注教师的发展路径，为教师创造和谐、民主、开放、融洽的研究氛围。（2）学校应充分发挥课例研究促进教师专业发展的优势，提高教师的专业能力，丰富教师的专业知识，转变教师的教学理念，构建实践共同体，进一步提高校本教研的科学性。（3）未来基于课例研究的校本教研活动可通过线上线下相结合、优质教育资源下沉、保障制度有效执行等方式持续改进。

School-based research is an important platform for teachers' professional development, and it is also an inevitable need to push forward the new curriculum reform. But at present, there are still some problems in school-based research in our country, especially in rural schools, such as the lack of professional ability of teachers, the limited energy of teachers and so on. The lesson study is a cooperative study on the problems in teaching practice, which is carried out by teachers with the course as the carrier. It usually goes through a circular process of "question——planning——action——observation——reflection and re planning". It is one of the choices for teachers to effectively combine theory with practice, which is of great significance for school-based research in China. Therefore, this study is based on the lesson study to improve the school-based research in rural schools, through action research, questionnaire survey, interviews, physical analysis and other research methods to explore new initiatives of school-based research in rural schools. The main research contents and results are as follows:

1. By demonstrating the relationship between school-based research and lesson study, finding that lesson study is an effective form of organizing school-based research activities. The lesson study is different from the grinding course in the past. It has a clear research topic, solves the practical problems encountered by teachers in teaching by scientific research means, pays more attention to the development of teachers' professional ability, and guides teachers to invest in school-based research with a scientific and rigorous research attitude.           

2. This study investigates the actual situation of school-based research activities in rural schools in Mentougou District of Beijing, and finds that there are still some problems to be solved, such as unclear teaching and research objectives, limited time for teachers, lack of expert guidance and so on. According to the expectation of teachers, combined with the actual needs and confusion of rural schools, the implementation plan of lesson study is formulated.            

3. Based on the survey results, teachers are organized to carry out lesson study, in which researcher participates in collecting research data through interviews, observation and other research methods, analyzing the changes of teachers in the study, and describing the performance of teachers before and after the lesson study. In the process of the lesson study, teachers, team and the classroom teaching effect have been greatly improved, which proves that the research hypothesis is established, that is, the lesson study is helpful to improve the school-based research in rural schools.           

Based on the above research results, the following suggestions are summarized: (1) schools should actively explore and establish lesson study to improve the internal mechanism of school-based research in rural schools, pay attention to the development path of teachers, and create a harmonious, democratic, open and harmonious research atmosphere for teachers. (2) Schools should give full play to the advantages of lesson study in promoting teachers' professional development, improve teachers' professional ability, enrich teachers' professional knowledge, change teachers' teaching concept, build a community of practice, and further improve the scientificity of school-based research. (3) In the future, the school-based research activities based on lesson study can be continuously improved through the combination of online and offline, the sinking of high-quality education resources, and the effective implementation of the security system.