人类的发展经历了漫长的岁月，法律制度的构建与完善同样不是一蹴而就的，如何将庞杂的法律规范和制度构建为一个协调统一的整体，这取决于人类构建法律制度的目的。法律不仅关乎实体正义，程序正义同样不容忽视。所谓诉讼目的，其在诉讼体系中举足轻重，重要性不言而喻，没有诉讼目的的诉讼行为仿佛迷失了方向的飞鸟——再努力地飞翔却也只是无用功，唯有明确的目的才能使行为的意义得以实现。同样，诉讼目的可谓是诉讼制度的“航标灯”，明确的诉讼目的给予诉讼行为以指引，使诉讼制度站得住脚并葆有持久的生命力。因此，诉讼目的的明确在诉讼制度中尤为重要。 由于生态环境日益恶化，环境问题日益复杂，环境公益诉讼作为一种新型诉讼应运而生，但由于制度的初建以及未有明确的目的作为指导而导致在实践中环境公益诉讼的运行并不尽如人意。因此，明确环境公益诉讼目的，为环境公益诉讼发挥其应有的作用提供有力的支撑，迫在眉睫。环境公益诉讼目的论在环境公益诉讼理论体系中处于基础性、前提性的地位，唯有明确环境公益诉讼目的才能使环境公益诉讼的构建、发展与完善提供一个明确的前进方向，给予环境公益诉讼司法实践以指引。 环境公益诉讼相较于传统诉讼是一种新型诉讼，其目的有着不同于传统诉讼的特点，基于环境问题的复杂性以及环境公益诉讼的新颖性，环境公益诉讼目的多元化是符合其特征的诉讼目的理论。根据环境公益诉讼的特点及其价值与功能，环境公益诉讼目的应明确为保护环境公益、环境善治以及实现可持续发展这三大目的，其中保护环境公益为环境公益诉讼的直接目的，在实现了保护环境公益这一直接目的的基础上，通过对环境公益诉讼的制度构建，使环境公益诉讼在环境治理中发挥应有的作用以此达到环境善治，在环境治理中使各方面绩效达到最大化，也就是环境公共利益的最大化。归根结底，制度的构建是为了人类更好、更长远地发展，环境公益诉讼制度的构建及其发展与完善亦是如此，以人与自然和谐发展为基础，推进环境、经济社会、全球等可持续发展是环境公益诉讼所追求的最终目的。 综上所述，环境公益诉讼目的的确立具有重大的理论意义和实践价值，本文拟从以下几个方面对其进行探讨研究： 首先，第一部分通过“公地悲剧”这一现象与理论引出环境公益诉讼，并以此为逻辑起点明确环境公益诉讼目的。在这一章中对环境公益诉讼目的的基本理论进行阐述，为进一步的深入研究夯实基础，包括环境公益、目的等相关基本概念范畴的解释与分析，唯有在研究环境公益诉讼目的这一深刻主题之前明确这些基础理论，方能在进行研究时鞭辟入里。 接着，第二部分提出环境公益诉讼目的应当采用多元化的观点，根据人类环境伦理观的发展，从人类中心主义的桎梏中挣脱出来的新型环境伦理观——可持续发展观与明确环境公益诉讼目的这一时代性理论紧密相关。环境正义理论作为环境公益诉讼目的的理论依据，在前人的论述基础之上并结合环境公益诉讼的法律价值等为环境公益诉讼目的论的多元化构筑了理论基础。 第三部分对环境公益诉讼目的之保护环境公益这一目的进行了分析，显而易见，环境公益诉讼的目的就是为了保护环境公共利益，这其中关于环境公共利益的内涵与外延则是学界一直在讨论的热点，原因在于社会不停地在向前发展，公共利益这一词汇的外延也在随之不断地扩展，要想在法律上一次性对其穷尽是一件不可能完成的任务。这一不确定性就给环境公益诉讼带来了实践中的不确定性以及使法官在审理相关案件时感到棘手。因此，本文在结合国内外相关学术讨论以及司法实践的基础上提出了环境公益诉讼中所要保护的环境公益指的是不特定多数人的环境利益。并在本章中对环境公益损害与环境侵害等相关概念与范畴进行了辨析，因为在实践中相关概念的混同将使环境公益诉讼的实际效果大打折扣。 第四部分是环境公益诉讼目的之环境善治。良法与善治二者联系密切、不可分割，且良法是实现善治的前提。通过对环境公益诉讼自身特点的分析，环境公益诉讼是符合良法标准的法律，进而通过对相关国际组织对善治的要求进行梳理分析发现，在环境领域的善治主要包含以下三个要素：公众参与、透明度以及法治。环境善治三要素与环境公益诉讼无论是从理论上还是实践中都存在密切的联系，如环境公益诉讼中的原告资格是公众参与的体现，信息公开是透明度的要求，依法提起诉讼则是对法治的诠释。 第五部分对环境公益诉讼目的之可持续发展进行研究，可持续发展的诞生与发展是在人类经历了漫长的发展过程中最终确立起来的发展观，从联合国首次提出可持续发展理念至今，我国许多学者也对其进行了阐述。可持续发展是人类持续生存的必然要求，是环境法治的基本原则，环境公益诉讼作为保障经济社会可持续发展的重要手段，实属实现环境、经济与人类社会可持续发展的现实途径。 第六部分对环境公益诉讼目的论指导下的具体制度构建作了初步设想，根据环境公益诉讼目的的多元化以及每个目的的特点，拟对环境公益诉讼制度中的受案范围、当事人、激励机制等相关重点问题进行讨论，以期在环境公益诉讼目的论的指导下构建起一个相对完善并符合环境公益诉讼目的并且符合我国实际的具体法律制度。 最后在结论部分强调环境公益诉讼目的的重要理论意义与实践价值，确立环境公益诉讼多元目的论是环境公益诉讼制度的发展与完善的关键，是实现其富有生命力并长久发展的重中之重。

Human legal system and legal norms have gone through an increasingly rich and complex development process. How to integrate complex systems and norms into a basic framework and build a coordinated and integrated system depends on whether people always uphold rational behavior with clear purpose. Everything has a purpose, not to mention human litigation. The purpose of litigation, the importance of the purpose of a lawsuit in the system of litigation is well known, the action that leaves the purpose of litigation is like a direction without meaning. The purpose of litigation is the "beacon light" of the litigation system. Only clear purpose of litigation can make the litigation system maintain its lasting vitality. Therefore, clearing the theory of the purpose of environmental public interest is particularly important in the litigation system. Due to the deteriorating ecological environment and increasingly complex environmental problems, environmental public interest litigation emerged as a new type of litigation. However, due to the initial establishment of the system and the lack of clear purpose as a guide, the operation of environmental public interest litigation in practice is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to clarify the purpose of environmental public interest litigation and provide strong support for environmental public interest litigation to play its due role. The purpose of environmental public interest litigation is in the basic and advanced position in the theoretical system of environmental public interest litigation. The scientific purpose can provide guidance for the design of the basic mode of environmental litigation and the establishment of various specific systems and norms, and is conducive to the rational selection and coordination of the litigation system. Environmental public interest litigation is different from traditional litigation, and its purpose is different from the characteristics of traditional litigation. Based on the complexity of environmental problems and the novelty of environmental public interest litigation, the pluralism of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation is in line with its characteristics. According to the characteristics of environmental public interest litigation and its value and function, the purpose of environmental public interest litigation should include three purposes: environmental justice, environmental good governance and sustainable development. To sum up, the establishment of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation has great theoretical significance and practical value. This paper intends to explore and study it from the following aspects: First of all, the first part introduces the environmental public interest litigation through the phenomenon and theory of "the tragedy of the commons", and uses this as a logical starting point to construct the theory of environmental public interest litigation. In this chapter, the basic theories of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation are elaborated, and further explanations and analysis of the basic concepts of environmental public welfare, purpose, etc., for the further in-depth study, only in the study of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation These basic theories are clarified before the theme, so that they can be rushed into the research. Then, the second part puts forward that the purpose of environmental public interest litigation should adopt a diversified view. According to the development of human environmental ethics, the new environmental ethics that breaks away from the anthropocentrism--the concept of sustainable development for the purpose of environmental public interest litigation. The theory of theory is closely related to this era theory. As the theoretical basis of the theory of environmental public interest litigation, the theory of environmental justice constructs the theoretical basis for the diversification of environmental public interest litigation based on the previous expositions and the legal value of environmental public interest litigation. The third part analyzes the direct purpose of environmental public interest litigation—protecting environmental public welfare. It is obvious that the purpose of environmental public interest litigation is to protect the public interest of the environment. The connotation and extension of environmental public interest is the academic circle. The hot topic of discussion is that the society is constantly moving forward, and the extension of the term public interest is also expanding. It is impossible to complete it in one go. This uncertainty brings practical uncertainty to environmental public interest litigation and makes judges feel difficult when trying relevant cases. Therefore, this paper puts forward environmental public interest litigation based on the combination of domestic and foreign academic discussions and judicial practice. The environmental public welfare to be protected refers to the environmental benefits of not specifying the majority. In this chapter, the related concepts and categories of environmental public welfare damage and environmental aggression are analyzed, because the confusion of relevant concepts in practice will greatly reduce the actual effect of environmental public interest litigation. The fourth part is the environmental good governance of the actual purpose of environmental public interest litigation. The relationship between good governance and good governance is inseparable, and good law is the premise of achieving good governance. Through the analysis of the characteristics of environmental public interest litigation, environmental public interest litigation is a law that conforms to the standard of good law. Then, through combing the analysis of the requirements of good governance by relevant international organizations, it is found that good governance in the environmental field mainly includes the following three elements: public participation, Transparency and the rule of law. The three elements of environmental good governance and environmental public interest litigation are closely related in theory and practice. For example, the plaintiff qualification in environmental public interest litigation is the embodiment of public participation, information disclosure is the requirement of transparency, and lawsuit is based on the rule of law. Interpretation. The fifth part studies the sustainable development of the actual purpose of environmental public interest litigation. The birth and development of sustainable development is the development concept that was finally established in the long process of human development. Since the United Nations first proposed the concept of sustainable development, many scholars in China have also elaborated on it. Sustainable development is an inevitable requirement for the sustainable survival of mankind and the basic principle of environmental rule of law. As an important means to ensure the sustainable development of economy and society, environmental public interest litigation is a realistic way to realize the sustainable development of environment, economy and human society. The sixth part makes a preliminary assumption on the specific system construction under the guidance of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation. According to the diversification of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation and the characteristics of each purpose, it is intended to cover the scope of the case, plaintiff qualification and incentive in the environmental public interest litigation system. The related key issues such as mechanism are discussed, with the aim of constructing a specific legal system that is relatively perfect and meets the purpose of environmental public interest litigation and is in line with China's reality under the guidance of the environmental public interest litigation. Finally, in the conclusion part, it reaffirms the important theoretical significance and practical value of the purpose of environmental public interest litigation. Establishing the multiple purposes of environmental public interest litigation is the key to the development and improvement of the environmental public interest litigation system, and is the most important to realize its vitality and long-term development.