随着教育大数据的不断积累和数据挖掘技术的逐渐成熟，教育教学决策逐渐由经验导向证据支撑的方向发展。基于数据证据的学习设计优化和改进，对于教学过程的改善、以及教学效果的提升具有重要意义。然而，由于学习设计中包含着丰富的内容和复杂的数据，广大教师面临着难以直接从庞杂的数据中获取优化改进信息的难题。画像是一种把难以直接表征的规律、难以获取的信息要点以及枯燥乏味的数据以适宜人类理解的方式进行表征的方式，使得人类能够从大量数据中揭示数据规律和挖掘信息要点。学习设计画像系统是学习设计研究领域的重要内容，作为理解和分析学习设计的重要手段，通过画像可视化技术将学习设计数据映射为视觉上更容易获取信息的图形，实现对复杂的学习设计内容的勾画，有利于教师理解和把握学习设计，为进一步进行优化和改进提供信息支持。
        针对学习设计中难以直接观察到的问题，为帮助教师理清设计过程中的一些思路缺陷，从视觉上以更容易获取信息的方式将学习设计的数据、属性转化联结起来，对学习设计进行优化提供帮助。本文设计和开发了一款学习设计画像系统，将学习设计要素及其属性予以分析，挖掘学习设计所产生数据的价值，帮助教师多方面、多层次把控和反思学习设计，力争成为帮助优化和完善学习设计的关键支架。主要的研究内容以及工作包含以下几方面：（1）通过文献对现有的学习设计、学习设计画像及可视化相关工具研究进行分析，梳理学习设计所包含的要素、属性及阈值等，为学习设计画像系统奠定数据基础；综述已有学习设计相关研究，了解研究者在设计和开发学习设计画像时所应用的数据、数据分析方法、画像内容以及可视化方式等，为学习设计画像系统的功能设计和技术路径设计提供支撑；调研成熟的可视化工具为学习设计画像系统的开发奠定技术基础。（2）研究教师在反思和改进学习设计时对可视化设计的需求并进行学习设计画像系统的功能与架构设计，重点从微观的单个要素、中观的多个要素的关系以及宏观的整个设计共3个层面进行需求分析和画像设计；从教师完成学习设计画像分析的过程出发，设计了注册登陆、数据上传、数据管理以及学习设计画像4大功能模块；采用分模块、分层次的思想进行学习设计画像系统架构的设计，从前端到后端再到数据系统共包含为三个层次：表现层、服务层、支撑层。（3）基于系统开发所遵循的一般原则、前后端分离以及模块化和组件化的原则，开发了一套学习设计画像系统，采用了Vue框架+Echarts可视化库+Element-UI控件库的前端技术+基于Python语言的Flask框架的后端技术的技术路线，前端主要完成了系统页面的搭建和运行，包括数据界面、学习设计画像界面等，实现了数据的统一管理和图表的集中显示，其中学习设计画像界面包含了对学习设计的5个要素、16种属性的多个画像分析和展示，直观呈现了学习设计方案在微观、中观和宏观层面的画像；后端主要完成了系统搭建，实现了数据解析、数据管理以及数据存储等功能。（4）通过功能测试、性能测试等方法，对所开发的学习设计画像系统进行了测试和进一步的优化改进，最终系统能够较为友好的支持教师操作和稳定运行，能够在教师学习设计优化与改进场景中常态化应用。
        本研究精准捕捉了教师在优化改进学习设计过程中对数据证据的现实需要，通过对学习设计要素及其属性的梳理，结合教师对学习设计画像分析的多层次需求，设计开发了学习设计画像系统，能够帮助教师直观、清晰地把握整体学习设计和微观学习设计要素，从而支持教师做出科学的教学决策。此外，该系统具有较好的兼容性和扩展性，能够较好地对接外部数据和扩展画像分析图表。

    With the continuous accumulation of educational big data and the gradual maturity of data mining technology, the decision of education and teaching has gradually developed in a direction supported by experience-oriented evidence. The optimization and improvement of learning design based on data evidence is of great significance to the improvement of the teaching process and the promotion of teaching effects. However, due to the rich content and complex data contained in the learning design, the majority of teachers are faced with the difficulty of obtaining optimization and improvement information directly from the complex data. Making a portrait is a way, suitable for human understanding, to represent the laws that are difficult to represent directly, the essential information that is hard to obtain, and the monotonous data, so that humans can reveal the law of data and mine the essentials of information from a large amount of data. The learning design profile system is an important content in the field of learning design research. As an important method of understanding and analyzing learning design, mapping the learning design data into a visually is easier for people to obtain information graphics through the image visualization technology and realize the complex learning design content delineation, which is beneficial for teachers to understand and grasp the learning design, and provides information support for further optimization and improvement.
    Aiming at the problems that are difficult to observe directly in the learning design, the purpose of the research is to help teachers to sort out some of the defects in the design process, to combine the data and attributes of the learning design visually in a way that makes it easier to obtain information, and to optimize the learning design provide help. This paper designs and develops a learning design profile system, analyzes learning design elements and their attributes, excavates the value of the data generated by learning design, helps teachers control and reflect on learning design in many aspects and at multiple levels, and strives to be a key support of optimizing and improving the learning design. The main research content and work include the following aspects: (1) Analyze the existing learning design, learning design profile and visualization related tool research through the literature, sort out the elements, attributes and thresholds included in the learning design, and lay the data foundation for the profiling system related to learning design. A review of existing studies has already had some research on learning design. Understanding the data, data analysis methods, profiling content and visualization methods used by researchers in the design and development of learning design profiling, in order to provide the support for the functional design and technological path design of the profiling system of learning design; investigating and surveying the mature visualization tools in order to lay a technological foundation for the develop of the profiling system of learning design. (2) Studying teachers’ needs for visual design when reflecting on and improving learning design, and design the function and architecture of the learning design profile system, focusing on the three levels, micro-single element, the meso-multi-element relationship, and the macro-overall design, to analyze the demand and portrait design; starting from the teacher’s completion of the process of designing and analyzing learning  portrait to design four functional modules including registration, data upload, data management, and learning design portrait; adopting the idea of sub-modules and levels to study the design of profiling system. The data system consists of three levels from the front end to the back end: the presentation layer, the service layer, and the support layer. (3) Based on the general principles followed by the system development, the separation of front and back ends, and the modularization and componentization principles, a set of learning design portrait system was developed with the front-end technology of Vue framework + Echarts visualization library + Element-UI control library + Technical route of the back-end technology based on the Flask framework of the Python language. The front-end mainly completes the construction and operation of the system page, including the data interface, learning design portrait interface, etc., and realizes the unified management of data and the centralized display of charts, among which, learning the design portrait interface contains the analysis and display of multiple portraits of the 5 elements and the analysis and display of learning design of 16 attributes, which intuitively presents the portraits of the learning design plan at the micro, meso and macro levels; the back-end mainly completes the system construction, and realizes the functions of data analysis, data management, and data storage. (4) Through functional testing, performance testing and other methods, the developed learning design profile system has been tested and further optimized and improved. Finally, the system can be more friendly to support teacher operation and stable operation, and can be optimized and improved in teacher learning design Normalize the application in the scene.
    This research accurately captures teachers’ actual needs for data evidence in the process of optimizing and improving learning design. Through combing learning design elements and their attributes, and combining teachers’ multi-level needs for learning design profiling analysis, a learning design profiling system is designed and developed, which can help teachers to grasp the elements of overall learning design and micro-learning design intuitively and clearly in order to support teachers to make scientific teaching decisions. In addition, the system has better compatibility and scalability, and can better connect to external data and expand the analysis chart.