列夫·托尔斯泰作为作家的成就，已深刻、广泛地为世人所知。但是，托尔斯泰作为一位教育实践者的思想与活动，却被其文学家的身份给遮蔽了。他的教育思想统摄于他的全部思想体系，随着他的几度思想转变而发生变化。他曾经在家乡举办学校，也编写过课本，主编过教育杂志。他的教育实践对象主要是平民和农奴的子女，他所奉行的教育原则是反官方的有节制的自由主义，他的教育思想中最受争议的部分是宗教的教育。对托尔斯泰的教育思想与实践进行研究和总结，不但可以填补我国对托尔斯泰的了解空白，也能够对俄国教育实验学校的范例进行补充。

Tolstoy's achievements as a writer have been profoundly and widely known to the world. However, Tolstoy's thoughts and activities as an educational practitioner were obscured by his identity as a writer. His educational thoughts are integrated in his entire ideological system, which changes with his several times of ideological changes. He used to run schools in his hometown, wrote textbooks, and edited educational magazines. The objects of his education practice are mainly the children of civilians and serfs. The educational principle he pursues is anti-official and restrained liberalism. The most essential and most controversial part of his educational thought is religious education. Studying and summarizing Tolstoy's educational thoughts and practices can not only fill the gap in our understanding of Tolstoy, but also supplement the examples of Russian educational experimental schools.