习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中提出了乡村振兴战略，其中指出农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题，我国食用菌产业的发展在乡村振兴战略中亦在三农问题中扮演着兹事体大的角色。2020年最新修订的《专利法》进一步加强了专利的保护力度，但是近年来，随着我国食用菌产业的快速发展和人们生活水平的显著提高，涉及食用菌产业的专利侵权案件层出不穷，而目前我国对于食用菌产业的知识产权保护相对于其他发达国家较为落后，其原因在于食用菌领域专利作为生物技术领域专利的一个分支，相较于其他理工技术类的专利具有独特性，而我国对该分支领域专利的保护制度研究相对缺乏。因此，本文以专利法为基础理论，结合现有制度中的司法解释和行政法规、政策，以专利法中的等同原则为核心来系统论述其在我国食用菌专利侵权判定中的适用问题，以期为我国食用菌专利侵权判定提供解决方法。本文从以下四个部分展开：

首先系统研究我国等同原则的法律体系，鉴于等同原则最早是由西方国家制定的，因此再对域外等同原则的历史沿革进行梳理，从中确定等同原则的立法初衷，并从我国等同原则在物理、化工专利领域的个案司法实践中提取适用要点，为后文提供理论基础。

通过阐述食用菌专利的相关概念及对我国食用菌专利状况进行现实考察，进而分析我国食用菌专利的实质授予标准，而由于食用菌专利的特殊性导致审查标准模糊从而产生食用菌专利侵权案件，引出等同原则在食用菌专利侵权判定中的适用标准，即“手段—功能—效果”三一致标准和“普通技术人员容易联想”标准。

围绕我国司法实践中判定食用菌专利等同侵权的争议展开，列举了两例具有代表性的案例，就法院判决中对等同原则和等同原则的限制原则是否适用以及如何适用进行分析，根据案件的争议焦点总结出目前我国司法实践中适用等同原则判定食用菌专利侵权的困境所在。

通过结合国内现有等同侵权理论及域外等同原则制度，针对我国司法实践中适用等同原则判定食用菌专利侵权的困境，提出明确食用菌专利侵权的等同判定标准、明确食用菌专利的保护范围和技术特征、完善捐献原则的适用的建议，并在结语中，就我国适用等同原则判定食用菌专利侵权问题提出自己的思考。

In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, president of the people’s Republic of China Xi jin ping said the strategy of rural revitalization was put forward, in which it was pointed out that the problem of agricultural and rural farmers was a fundamental issue related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, and the development of China's edible fungus industry played an important role in the strategy of rural revitalization.The newly revised Patent Law in 2020 has further strengthened the protection of patents. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of China's edible fungus industry and the significant improvement of people's living standards, patent infringement cases involving the edible fungus industry have emerged in endlessly. At present, China's intellectual property protection for the edible mushroom industry is relatively backward compared to other developed countries. The reason is that the edible mushroom field patent, as a branch of biotechnology patents, has unique characteristics compared to other science and engineering technology patents. However, China's research on the protection system of patents in this branch field is relatively lacking. Therefore, this paper takes the patent law as the basic theory, combines the judicial interpretation, administrative regulations and policies in the existing system, and takes the principle of equivalence in the patent law as the core to systematically discuss its application in the determination of patent infringement of edible fungi in China, with a view to providing solutions for the determination of patent infringement of edible fungi in China. This article starts from the following four parts:

In the first part, a systematic study is conducted on the legal system of the principle of equivalence in China. Considering that the principle of equivalence was first formulated by Western countries, the historical evolution of the principle of equivalence outside the region is sorted out to determine the legislative intention of the principle of equivalence. Key points of application of the principle of equivalence in individual judicial practices in the fields of physics and chemical engineering in China are extracted to provide a theoretical basis for the following text.

The second part, by expounding the relevant concepts of edible fungus patents and conducting a realistic investigation of the status of edible fungus patents in China, and then analyzing the substantive granting standards of edible fungus patents in China, the particularity of edible fungus patents leads to the ambiguity of the examination standards, which leads to cases of edible fungus patent infringement, and leads to the applicable standards of the principle of equivalence in the determination of edible fungus patent infringement, the three standards of "means function effect" and "easily associated by ordinary technical personnel

The third part, centering on the dispute about the determination of equal infringement of edible fungus patents in China's judicial practice, lists two representative cases, analyzes whether and how the restrictive principles of the principle of equivalence and the principle of equivalence in court decisions are applicable, and summarizes the dilemma of applying the principle of equivalence to determine edible fungus patent infringement in China's judicial practice according to the focus of the dispute.

The fourth part, by combining the existing domestic equivalent infringement theory and the extraterritorial equivalent principle system, and aiming at the dilemma of applying the equivalent principle to determine the patent infringement of edible fungi in China's judicial practice, the author puts forward suggestions to clarify the equivalent judgment criteria of edible fungi patent infringement, clarify the protection scope and technical characteristics of edible fungi patents, and improve the application of the donation principle. In the conclusion, This paper puts forward my own thoughts on the application of the principle of equivalence to determine the patent infringement of edible fungi in China.