固原，位于宁夏回族自治区南部，地处六盘山区。固原自古为形胜要道，向北接银川平原，沿河北上又可通河套地区；向西则连河西走廊，穿越河西可抵西域；向东南可沿泾河往关中地区。论南北方向，固原位于农耕区和游牧区的交界地带，且因其地理形势而成为人群南北交流的通道，是草原文化与中原文化碰撞、交流、交融的重要区域。论东西方向，固原是丝绸之路萧关道上的一个重要节点，北朝隋唐时期是丝绸之路东段北道的必经之地。论点面关系，固原长期被视为拱卫关中、协防关陇的军事重镇，是环绕关中地区的几个重要隘口之一。

本文通过对固原地区汉唐时期墓葬材料的扒疏，从墓葬形制结构与随葬品组合的角度对墓葬年代进行重新推定，又从墓葬中析出标识墓主族属文化的因素和显示墓主身份地位的信息。通过墓葬出土材料结合文献记载，运用跨学科方法，从历史学与考古学的双视角切入，本文考察了固原历史上生活的族群，考证了这些人群的身份地位。汉唐时期，族群的迁徙与更迭关乎内亚政权的崛起与衰落，同时也影响着中原政权的守备与经略。本文尝试以考古学视角，从族群变迁与人群身份地位的变化入手，解读汉唐时期固原战略地位的升降，揭示固原地区战略地位变化的根本动因是协防关陇的政治军事需求。固原就好似中原王朝关中本位与西北拓边政策的“指示剂”，其的大力开发和繁荣兴盛往往预示着将有强有力的关中政权崛起并统一全国。

固原因其南北通道和东西走廊的地位，得以成为管窥中古时期人群变迁的重要窗口。固原的南北通道属性更多体现在中原与北方民族的对峙、融合之中，而东西走廊属性则更多体现在东北亚与中西亚民族的迁徙、交流之中。无论是胡族的汉化还是汉族的胡化，均是不同族群构筑中华民族共同体的过程。通过对固原地区汉唐时期的人群变迁的研究，本文以固原地区为切入点，丰富对汉唐时期社会发展的认识，展现固原地区各民族交往、交流、交融的精彩片段，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供学术支撑。

Guyuan, located in the southern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is situated in the Liupan Mountain area. Since ancient times, Guyuan has been a vital route for victory, connecting to the Yinchuan Plain to the north and extending northward along the river to reach the Hetao area; To the west, it connects to the Hexi Corridor, and crossing Hexi leads to the Western Regions; To the southeast, one can follow the Jing River towards the Guanzhong area. In terms of the north-south direction, Guyuan is located at the junction of agricultural and pastoral areas, and has become a channel for people to exchange ideas between the north and south due to its geographical location. It is an important area for the collision, exchange, and integration of grassland culture and Central Plains culture. In terms of the east-west direction, Guyuan was an important node on the Xiaoguan Road of the Silk Road. During the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties, it was a must pass area on the eastern section of the Silk Road. In terms of argument, Guyuan has long been regarded as a military stronghold that guards Guanzhong and assists in defending Guanlong, and is one of the important passes surrounding the Guanzhong region.

This article conducts a thorough analysis of tomb materials from the Han and Tang dynasties in the Guyuan area, and re estimates the burial age from the perspective of tomb structure and accompanying items. It also identifies factors that indicate the cultural affiliation of the tomb owner and information that displays the identity and status of the tomb owner. Through the combination of tomb excavation materials and literature records, and using interdisciplinary methods, this article examines the ethnic groups living in the history of Guyuan from both historical and archaeological perspectives, and verifies their identity and status. During the Han and Tang dynasties, the migration and succession of ethnic groups were related to the rise and fall of the Inner Asian regime, as well as the defense and strategy of the Central Plains regime. This article attempts to interpret the rise and fall of Guyuan's strategic status during the Han and Tang dynasties from the perspective of archaeology, starting from the changes in ethnic groups and the status of the population. It reveals that the fundamental driving force behind the strategic status change in Guyuan is the political and military needs of assisting in the defense of Guanlong. Guyuan is like an indicator of the central plains dynasty's Guanzhong centric and northwest border expansion policies. Its vigorous development and prosperity often foreshadow the rise of a strong Guanzhong regime and the unification of the country.

Due to its position as a north-south corridor and an east-west corridor, it became an important window for observing the changes in the population during the medieval period. The attributes of the north-south corridor in Guyuan are more reflected in the confrontation and integration between the Central Plains and northern ethnic groups, while the attributes of the east-west corridor are more reflected in the migration and exchange of ethnic groups in Northeast Asia and Central and Western Asia. Both the sinicization of the Hu ethnic group and the sinicization of the Han ethnic group are processes in which different ethnic groups construct a community of the Chinese nation. Through the study of the population changes during the Han and Tang dynasties in Guyuan area, this article takes Guyuan area as the starting point, enriches the understanding of social development during the Han and Tang dynasties, showcases exciting scenes of communication, exchange, and integration among various ethnic groups in Guyuan area, and provides academic support for forging a sense of community among the Chinese nation.