目前数据成为企业的重要财产，企业之间关于数据的竞争愈发激烈，数据不正当竞争纠纷此起彼伏。国内陆续出现数据不正当竞争的典型案件，以数据不当获取、不当使用等不正当竞争类型为主。在数据竞争相关制度供给不足的情况下，司法实践主要通过个案明确数据竞争规则。通过归纳总结近年来的数据不正当竞争纠纷的案件，法院在认定数据不正当竞争时，判案依据主要是《反不正当竞争法》第二条（又称“一般条款”），并形成了如下认定模式，即通过分析涉案双方是否存在竞争关系、经营者对数据权益是否享有合法权益、竞争行为是否具有不正当性、竞争行为对市场竞争是否造成损害这四个方面进行判断，来认定数据竞争行为是否为不正当竞争行为。

虽然法院在当前的法律规制框架内较为成功地解决了大部分的数据不正当竞争纠纷案件，但通过分析、归纳、总结各类数据不正当竞争案件，依照我国目前的法律来规制数据不正当竞争仍然存在如下困境：首先，法院一般将竞争关系作为判断不正当竞争的逻辑起点，但在互联网新型不正当竞争行为中竞争关系的认定难以沿用传统行业的认定模式；其次，数据权益的归属问题未能实现统一标准，数据权益的归属主体错综复杂；再次，竞争行为的不正当性判定标准不一，商业道德、诚实信用原则、行业规范等标准难以统一；最后，法院在裁判时援引《反不正当竞争法》“一般条款”与“互联网专条”时存在适用问题。

通过对于上述数据不正当竞争行为法律规制中出现的四大困境进行逐一的分析与总结。本文认为，为有效规制数据不正当竞争行为，首先，要明确竞争关系的作用，放弃竞争关系作为判断不正当竞争行为的要件地位；其次，要明确数据分类，并以此来明确不同数据类型的财产权益归属；再次，统一竞争行为不正当性的判断标准，厘清并确定商业道德的主体地位，综合考量经济效率、消费者利益等其他认定因素；最后，在法律适用上，可以借鉴日本《反不正当竞争法》在“互联网专条”中增加数据不正当竞争行为，适用《反不正当竞争法》“一般条款”时应保持谦抑性，明确该条的适用场景、具体判断范式，避免过度适用。

Data is now an important asset for companies, as competition for data among companies intensifies and disputes over data Unfair competition rise and fall. There are many classic cases of data Unfair competition in China, mainly Unfair competition such as improper data acquisition and improper use. In the case of insufficient supply of data competition-related systems, judicial practice mainly clarifies data competition rules through individual cases. By summing up the cases involving data Unfair competition disputes in recent years, the court has decided data Unfair competition mainly on the basis of article 2 of the anti-unfair Competition Law (also known as the “General Provisions”) , and formed the following pattern of identification, that is, by analyzing whether there is a competition relationship between the parties involved in the case, whether the operators enjoy legal rights and interests in data, whether the competition is unfair and whether the competition does harm to the market competition, to determine whether data competition is Unfair competition.

Although the courts have been relatively successful in resolving most data Unfair competition disputes within the current legal regulatory framework, by analysing, summarising and summarising data Unfair competition cases, there are several dilemmas in regulating data Unfair competition under our current laws. First, courts generally use competition as a logical starting point for judging Unfair competition, but it is difficult to follow the traditional industry model for identifying competition in new types of Unfair competition on the Internet, and second, the courts have found that there is no uniform standard for the attribution of data rights, third, the court found that the unfair competition conduct of different standards, business ethics, the principle of good faith, industry norms and other standards are difficult to unify; finally, there are some problems in the application of the“General provisions” and“Internet articles” of the anti-unfair competition law when the court invokes them in its judgment.

This paper analyzes and summarizes the four dilemmas in the regulation of data Unfair competition behavior. This paper argues that in order to regulate data Unfair competition effectively, firstly, the role of competition should be clarified, and the status of competition should be abandoned as an important factor in judging Unfair competition, secondly, data classification should be clarified, in order to clarify the ownership of property rights and interests in different data types, third, unify the criteria of unfair competition behavior, clarify and determine the main status of business ethics, considering economic efficiency, consumer interests and other factors, finally, in the application of law, the “General Provisions” of the Japanese anti-unfair competition law should be applied with humility, taking into account the fact that data Unfair competition activities are included in the “Internet articles” of the law, the article clearly applies the scene, the specific judgment paradigm, to avoid over-application.