近年来随着孟中印缅经济走廊的推进实施，孟加拉国引起了各界新一轮的关注。安全环境是决定经济走廊的建设能否顺利开展的前提保障，而恐怖主义问题是威胁安全环境的重要因素。长期以来，孟加拉国饱受恐怖主义问题的侵扰。总体而言，孟加拉国的恐怖主义问题经历了四个阶段：1971年之前恐怖主义问题初现端倪，1971—20世纪90年代末宗教极端型恐怖主义问题开始凸显，20世纪90年代末至21世纪初恐怖问题集中爆发，21世纪初期至今孟加拉国出现恐怖主义问题的新高峰。相对于南亚其他国家而言，孟加拉国在2013年以前爆发的恐怖袭击大多较为零散，规模较小。2013年以后，孟加拉国的恐怖主义呈现出新形势和新特征，这主要表现在：恐怖主义袭击目标更具有针对性，恐怖分子的低龄化、女性化趋势，大型国际恐怖主义组织"伊斯兰国"和"南亚次大陆基地组织"向孟加拉国渗透的趋势加强，来自周边邻国的恐怖主义威胁加剧。 孟加拉国的恐怖主义问题是多种因素综合作用的结果，该国长期存在的民族、宗教纷争在不合理的民族、宗教政策的催化下进一步激化，部分矛盾演化成为恐怖主义问题；具有“暴力文化"传统的政治环境也在客观上助力着恐怖主义；该国存在的社会问题更是为恐怖主义的滋生提供了沃土。孟加拉国的恐怖主义问题影响着孟加拉国的安全和利益，关系到南亚地区的和平与稳定，同时也对孟中印缅经济走廊建设的影响甚大。对于孟加拉国来说，恐怖主义问题制约了孟加拉国的经济发展，增加了孟加拉国旅游业和外商投资的变数；转移了政府工作重心，制约了孟加拉国的社会发展；同时也加剧了孟加拉国的社会分裂。从南亚层面来看，孟加拉国与南亚其他国家的恐怖主义组织连接成网，对地区的和平与稳定构成严峻挑战；此外，孟加拉国恐怖主义问题还衍生成为南亚国家关系中的症结，阻碍了南亚一体化进程。对于孟中印缅经济走廊而言，恐怖主义问题将加剧孟加拉国在经济走廊中的“短板效应”，滞缓经济走廊发展进程；孟加拉国的恐怖主义问题还直接威胁到了在孟劳工和技术人员的生命财产安全，阻碍了孟中印缅经济走廊合作项目的推进。 为应对恐怖主义问题，近年来孟加拉国在反恐立法、执法，切断恐怖主义融资渠道，边境安全，教育等方面采取了更为强硬的措施，同时也加强了双边与多边反恐合作。总体而言，孟加拉国的反恐对策虽取得了突破性的进展，但仍存在诸多弊端，未来孟加拉国在进一步加强内部反恐建设和国际反恐合作的同时，还需致力于从根本上铲除恐怖主义滋生的土壤，以经济发展缓解社会矛盾，以倡导社会和谐抵御极端思想，以教育宣传增强民众防范意识，才更能使恐怖主义问题标本兼治。

In recent years, with the implementation of Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, Bangladesh has aroused new rounds of attention.The security environment is the premise guarantee for the development of the economic corridor, and terrorism is an important factor threatening the security environment.Bangladesh has long been plagued by terrorism. In general, terrorism in Bangladesh has gone through four stages: the problem began to emerge before 1971, and religious extremism terrorism began to emerge in the late of 1971-1990s, from the late 1990s to the 21st century,a lot of terrorism problems have arisen , and the new peak of terrorism in Bangladesh has occurred since the beginning of the 21st century. Compared with other countries in South Asia, most of the terrorist attacks in Bangladesh before 2013 were relatively fragmented and small. After 2013, the terrorism in Bangladesh presents a new situation and new features:the target of terrorist attacks are targeted, more young people as well as women join terrorist organizations ,the international terrorist organization such as“Islamic State” and “al-Qaida in the Indian Subcontinent”infiltrated into Bangladesh, and the threat of terrorism from neighboring countries has intensified. The issue of terrorism in Bangladesh is the result of the combined effects of various factors. Some of the long-standing ethnic and religious disputes in the country have gradually evolved the problem of terrorism ,especially under the unreasonable national and religious policies; the tradition of “culture of violence” in the political environment is also contributing to terrorism; social issues have provided fertile ground for the breeding of terrorism. Terrorism in Bangladesh affects the security and interests of Bangladesh, affects peace and stability in South Asia, and has a great impact on the development of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. For Bangladesh, it has constrained Bangladesh’s economic development, increased the variables of tourism and foreign investment in Bangladesh, shifted the focus of government work, restricted social development in Bangladesh, and also exacerbated social divisions in Bangladesh. From the perspective of South Asia, the terrorist organizations of Bangladesh has formed a network with other countries in South Asia, which is posing great challenges to regional peace and stability. In addition, terrorism in Bangladesh has also become a crux in South Asian countries, hindering integration process of South Asian .For Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, terrorism will exacerbate Bangladesh’s “short-board effect”in the economic corridor and slow down the development of the economic corridor; besides,terrorism in Bangladesh directly threatens the safety of labor in Bangladesh. It will also hindered the promotion of the cooperation project of this economic corridor. In response to the terrorism problems, in recent years, Bangladesh has taken tougher measures in counter-terrorism legislation, law enforcement, cutting off terrorist financing channels, border security, education, etc. It has also strengthened bilateral and multilateral counter-terrorism cooperation. In general, although the counter-terrorism countermeasures in Bangladesh have made breakthrough , there are still many shortcomings. In the future, Bangladesh needs to further internal counter-terrorism construction and international anti-terrorism cooperation, and devotes itself to eradicating the breeding of terrorism.Only by transferring social contradictions with economic development, alleviating extreme awareness with social harmony, and enhancing public awareness through education and propaganda, can we thoroughly solve the terrorism problems of Bangladesh.