像马克思用商品研究资本主义社会一样，麦克卢汉从媒介的角度研究社会、文化和人类历史，在媒介领域的开拓之功享誉世界。他重新定义了媒介，开创媒介研究的新范式，将伊尼斯提出的泛媒介理论发扬光大，把媒介作为探究社会结构和文化形态的一把钥匙，使传播学研究大放理论光彩。

       本文第一章从媒介环境学、媒介补偿性和新媒介三个角度梳理学者们对麦克卢汉媒介思想的研究成果；第二章考察麦克卢汉媒介思想的理论渊源，重点分析对其影响最大的三个思想来源：英国新批评派、伊尼斯和德日进。新批评派的文本细读法和文化批评对麦克卢汉走向媒介研究有着直接的决定性影响；伊尼斯开创了泛媒介研究的先河，开阔了麦克卢汉媒介研究的视野，奠定了其媒介研究的格局；德日进把人类的进化视为生命的扩张，地球将形成统一的智慧圈，这些启发麦克卢汉把媒介看做人的延伸，地球也将成为小小的村落；第三章梳理麦克卢汉媒介思想的发展历程。他由最初从广告入手的文化批评，发展到洞察印刷媒介、电子媒介对人的感知模式、理性思维产生的颠覆性转变，对社会的结构和形态带来的根本性变革，促进了国家和民族主义的诞生和地球村的形成；第四章重点剖析麦克卢汉在媒介领域的开拓性贡献。将其主要思想从媒介主体化、媒介环境化、媒介路径化、文化和社会媒介化等几个主要方面进行探讨。麦克卢汉在媒介是人的延伸观点中，已经蕴含了媒介对人主体性的侵蚀。每一个时代的主导性媒介都会围绕自身形成相互匹配、相互协作的媒介环境。麦克卢汉认为这样的环境对人际关系、生产方式和社会结构具有决定性的影响。媒介作为信息传递的隐喻，是推动社会前进的强大物质力量，是重塑社会结构与文化形态的路径。在技术媒介日益发达的今天，整个社会和文化的媒介化不可避免。

       本文在当代媒介研究巨擘的理论视野中重新审视麦克卢汉的媒介思想，以数字化时代社会结构、文化形态的根本性转变为参照，在与其他媒介学家思想的辨析中，凸显麦克卢汉媒介理论的独特价值，阐发其超前深邃的思想精髓，揭示其独特内涵价值和历史性贡献。

   Just as Marx used commodities to study capitalist society, McLuhan studied society, culture and human history from the perspective of the media, earning worldwide acclaim for his pioneering work in the field of media. He redefined media, establishing a new paradigm of media research. He expanded and developed Harold Innis’pan-media theory,regarded the medium as a key to exploring the social structure and cultural form, thereby brought radiance to the theoretical research of communication.

     Chapter 1 of this paper views scholar’s research on Mcluhan’s media theory from the perspectives of media ecology, remedial media and new media. Chapter 2 examines the theoretical origin of McLuhan's media thoughts. There are three theoretical sources: New Criticism in UK, Harold Innis and De Chardin. The method of close reading and cultural criticism of New Criticism had a direct and decisive impact on McLuhan's direction of media research. Innis paved the way for the study of pan-media research, broadened Mcluhan’s perspective on media research and established the framework of his own media research. De Chardin’s view of human evolution as the expansion of life and the formation of a unified global intelligence inspired McLuhan to see media as an extension of humanity and the Earth as a small village.  Chapter 3 traces the development of McLuhan's media thoughts. McLuhan began his study of cultural criticism with advertising. Since then, he had developed an insight into the subversive transformation of the pattern of perception and rational thinking which was brought about by print media and electronic media, which brings about fundamental changes to the structure and form of society and promotes the birth of state and nationalism. Chapter 4 focuses on the pioneering contribution of McLuhan's thought in the media field. This part explores McLuhan's main ideas from several aspects, such as media subjectization, media environmentalization, media pathization, mediatization of culture and society. The view that media is an extension of human beings has already contained the erosion of human subjectivity by media. The dominant media of each era will form a media environment surrounding itself that matches and cooperates with each other. McLuhan believed that such an environment had a decisive impact on individuals and society. As a metaphor for information transmission, the media is the motivation to promote social progress and the path to reshape the social structure and form. At present, the media is increasingly developed. The entire society and culture is increasingly becoming media-oriented.

   This paper re-examines McLuhan's media thought from the theoretical perspective of contemporary media research achievement. It takes the social structure in the digital age and a fundamental transformation of social structure as a reference point. Through a comparative analysis with other media scholars’s ideas, it highlights the unique value of McLuhan's media theory. The purpose of this paper is to expound McLuhan's forward-looking and profound thought, thus revealing its distinctive conceptual and historical contribution.