目前，国内外学术界对社会企业的界定方式繁多并不统一，但一般认为社会企业是是一种“运用商业盈利手段、建立科学的治理结构、实现社会效益”新型组织形态。范旭东创办的“永久黄”团体虽然没有使用社会企业的名称，但确以解决当时社会面临的社会问题为己任，通过科技创新以实现社会创新，体现了经济与社会达到双赢的社会企业的内涵特征。“永久黄”团体不仅是近代民族化学工业的先驱，更是近代中国社会企业的先行者。

本研究采用社会企业的分析视角，运用文献研究法，构建了“使命-协同-影响”的分析框架，对范旭东及其创办的“永久黄”团体进行剖析。研究发现，社会企业的发展与其确立的社会使命紧密相连，是发展的精神动力。“永久黄”团体“四大信条”有效地引导了经济效益和社会效益的统一。“永久黄”团体与政府、金融机构、社会建立了紧密协同，实现了以科技创新为核心不断研发盐酸氨等社会亟需产品，并以技术扩散的而非垄断的方式培育国内化工产业链。这既提高了本身的利润，实现了可持续发展，又培育民族的盐酸铔等化工产业，解决了社会问题，维护了民族利益。而其反哺社会方式不是简单的对外公益捐款，而是将企业作为天津塘沽地区社会建设的一环内嵌于当地社会。

研究不仅丰富了我国社会企业的历史维度，而且对于当前培育以爱国为核心社会企业家精神、建立社会企业政策支持体系、完善内部治理体系，具有一定的指导意义。

At present, there are many ways to define social enterprises in academic circles at home and abroad, but it is generally believed that social enterprises are a new organizational form of "using commercial profit means, establishing scientific governance structure and realizing social benefits". Although the "permanent yellow" group founded by fan Xudong did not use the name of social enterprise, it did take solving the social problems faced by the society at that time as its own responsibility, and realized social innovation through scientific and technological innovation, which reflected the connotation characteristics of social enterprise that achieved win-win between economy and society. "Yonghuang" group is not only the pioneer of modern national chemical industry, but also the pioneer of modern Chinese social enterprises.

From the perspective of social enterprises and using the method of literature research, this study constructs an analytical framework of "mission synergy impact", and analyzes fan Xudong and his "permanent yellow" group. The study found that the development of social enterprises is closely related to their established social mission, which is the spiritual driving force of development. The "four creeds" of the "permanent yellow" group have effectively guided the unity of economic and social benefits. The "permanent yellow" group has established close coordination with the government, financial institutions and society, realized the continuous research and development of urgently needed products such as ammonia hydrochloride with scientific and technological innovation as the core, and cultivated the domestic chemical industry chain in the way of technology diffusion rather than monopoly. This has not only improved its own profits and realized sustainable development, but also cultivated the national chemical industry such as hydrochloric acid, solved social problems and safeguarded the national interests. The way of feeding the society is not a simple external public welfare donation, but embedding enterprises in the local society as a link of social construction in Tanggu area, Tianjin.

The research not only enriches the historical dimension of China's social enterprises, but also has certain guiding significance for cultivating social entrepreneurship with patriotism as the core, establishing social enterprise policy support system and improving internal governance system.