本报告从宪法权利、义务视角，探讨了宪法与教育之间的关系。宪法规范中关于教育的规定主要表现为：受教育权、教育自由、父母/家庭教育、义务教育、国家责任、宗教教育和教育权等内容。这些权利由宪法规定和保障，其所指向的义务主体为国家。因此，为保障公民上述权利，国家在教育方面承担着重要的责任。与这种责任相对应便产生了国家教育权。基本权利的意义即在于它为国家设定了相应的义务。受教育权，作为一项社会权，它要求国家承担多层级的义务，包括尊重的义务、保护的义务以及实现的义务; 特别是实现的义务，实质意味着，国家应采取措施、积极作为，保护公民受教育权的实现。在这个意义上，国家教育权，与其说是国家在教育方面所享有的一种权力，不如说它是国家为实现公民教育方面的权利所承担的一项义务。国家教育权主要包括：国家举办学校、教育目的及教育方针政策的制定、义务教育的推行等方面内容，并以国家举办学校为其核心。国家没有教育举办权，就难以推行义务教育，国家的教育目的、教育方针政策无法得以贯彻落实。当然，以国家举办学校为国家教育权的核心，并不排斥私立学校的存在，更不妨碍私立学校的发展。国家教育权究其实质虽然是对教育自由的限制和制约，但并没有彻底剥夺掉公民的教育自由。而私立学校恰是公民教育自由的延伸。因此，虽然二十世纪以来国家教育权兴旺发达，但私立学校仍有其相当的生存空间。既然国家教育权在教育体系中已占据重要位置，那么国家教育权行使与否、行使得好与坏，与公民受教育权的实现与保障自然有着密切的关联。因此，本着权责一致的原则，更是本着保障公民受教育权的旨趣，国家应为国家教育权的不行使承担相应的责任——行政责任、刑事责任及政治责任。

This report discusses the relationship between the Constitutional Law and education from the respect of the constitutional rights and duties. The right of education is the citizens’ constitutional right. As a constitutional right, it means that the state is under obligation to safeguard it and the state is the subject of the obligation. Therefore the state educational power appeared corresponding with its educational obligation. In respect of right to education, it is a social right and the state is required to bear multilayer responsibilities: the obligation of respect , the obligation of safeguard, the obligation of achievement. To this extent, the state educational power is an obligation of education rather than a power.of education. The state educational power mainly includes to set up schools, to constitute the aims and policies of education, to push compulsory education. Although setting up school by the state is the core of the state educational power, the private school is not exclusive. The private school is the extending of the citizens’ freedom of education. Now that the achievement of right to education is close to state educational power, state should bear the administrative responsibilities, criminal responsibilities and political responsibilities.