非工作时间的工作恢复对个体的工作表现和幸福感均有重要影响。尽管已有研究验证了工作恢复对工作投入的影响作用，但关于工作恢复与工作投入的相互作用关系及其作用机制尚未得到充分关注。本研究基于资源保存理论和工作-家庭资源模型，探究工作恢复中的心理脱离和放松体验与工作投入的相互作用关系，同时检验积极情绪和消极情绪在工作恢复与工作投入之间的中介作用。

本研究以109名全职职工为被试，采用日记法收集数据。被试需要每天三次、连续填答十个工作日的问卷。每天早上上班前，被试需要报告当下的情绪状态。每天下午下班时，被试需要报告当天的工作投入和当下的情绪状态。每天晚上睡前，被试需要报告其在下班后非工作时间内的心理脱离和放松体验水平。

采用多水平结构方程模型对假设进行检验，结果显示：前一天晚上的心理脱离和放松体验能够正向预测第二天白天的工作投入，白天的工作投入能够进一步正向预测当天晚上的心理脱离和放松体验。同时，早上上班前和下午下班时的积极情绪和消极情绪在工作恢复与工作投入的相互作用关系中起中介作用。具体而言，前一天晚上的心理脱离通过降低第二天早上的消极情绪，进而促进第二天的工作投入。第二天的工作投入通过降低第二天下午下班时的消极情绪，进而促进第二天晚上的心理脱离，形成心理脱离、消极情绪与工作投入的螺旋作用关系。前一天晚上的放松体验通过提升第二天早上的积极情绪，进而促进第二天的工作投入。第二天的工作投入通过提升第二天下午下班时的积极情绪，进而促进第二天晚上的放松体验，形成放松体验、积极情绪与工作投入的螺旋作用关系。

在理论上，本研究拓展了工作恢复与工作投入的研究范畴，检验了资源保存理论中关于资源损失螺旋和资源获取螺旋的相关假说，构建了工作恢复与工作投入的相互作用关系，并探究了积极情绪和消极情绪在其中的中介作用机制。

Recovery from work during nonwork time is important for job performance and well-being. Although the positive effect of recovery experience on work engagement has been widely proved, the reciprocal relationship between recovery experience and work engagement and its mechanism have been largely neglected. Based on the conservation of resources theory and work-home resources model, the current study aimed to investigate the reciprocal effect between recovery experience (psychological detachment and relaxation) and work engagement and examined the mediating role of positive and negative affect.

The current study conducted a diary study on a sample of 109 full-time employees who provided survey data over 10 consecutive working days with 3 measurement occasions per day. Before going to work every morning, participants filled in the morning survey which rated their current positive and negative affect. When leaving to get off work every afternoon, participants filled in the afternoon survey which rated work engagement, current positive and negative affect. Before going to bed every night, participants filled in the evening survey which rated psychological detachment and relaxation during the nonwork hours.

Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses revealed that psychological detachment and relaxation in the previous night were both positively related to next-day work engagement and that work engagement, in turn, was positively related to both next-evening psychological detachment and relaxation. And positive and negative affect mediated the reciprocal relations between recovery experience and work engagement. Specifically, we found support for the indirect reciprocal relationship between psychological detachment and work engagement through negative affect. Psychological detachment in the previous night negatively predicted next-morning negative affect, which would be beneficial for next-day work engagement. In turn, daily work engagement was related to decreased negative affect which predicted higher level of subsequent psychological detachment in the evening. Moreover, there was an indirect reciprocal relationship between relaxation and work engagement through positive affect. Relaxation in the previous night positively predicted next-morning positive affect, which would be beneficial for next-day work engagement. In turn, daily work engagement was related to increased positive affect which predicted higher level of subsequent relaxation in the evening.

The current study contributes to our understanding of recovery experience and work engagement by shedding light on the cyclical relationship between recovery and work engagement and identifying positive and negative affect as the potential mechanism of the reciprocal relations.