我国高度重视拔尖创新人才的培养，超常儿童是拔尖创新人才早期选拔与重点培养的对象。就读于普通班的超常儿童数目庞大，提高他们的创造力对落实“培养大批创新人才”政策具有重要意义。而提高超常儿童创造力的关键是培养其创造性自我效能感。创造性自我效能感是评估个体主观创造力的有效工具，是促进创造性潜力转换为创造性成就的核心因素之一，是提高个体创造力的有效途径。此外，创造性自我效能感会随时间的推移而动态发展，并受到个体内部因素的影响。但目前国内外相关研究主要采用以变量为中心的方法考察超常儿童创造性自我效能感的发展水平和趋势，难以精确详细地揭示亚群体（如不同创造性自我效能感水平的群体）的发展；同时，已有研究也主要采用横断研究设计为主考察超常儿童创造性自我效能感的影响因素，难以通过历时性的证据揭示变量之间的因果关系。基于此，本研究将在探索超常儿童创造性自我效能感的变化趋势的基础上，分析超常儿童个性特征与创造性自我效能感的因果关系，为深入探究并有效培养超常儿童创造性自我效能感提供实证依据。

本研究采用解释性序列混合研究设计考察超常儿童创造性自我效能感的发展趋势以及心理韧性在超常儿童完美主义与创造性自我效能感纵向关系中的中介作用，先使用非实验量化研究进行探索，后运用质性研究对量化研究的结果进行补充和阐释。

子研究一考察超常儿童创造性自我效能感的变化趋势。基于以个体为中心的方法，采用纵向研究设计，以北京地区小学三到六年级超常儿童（n = 211）为研究对象，使用创造性自我效能感量表收集数据，采用潜在剖面分析考察超常儿童在创造性自我效能水平上的分组情况，并运用潜在转变分析考察不同创造性自我效能感水平超常儿童在半年内的转变趋势。结果发现：超常儿童创造性自我效能感水平可分为高低两组，且随着T1时间点到T2时间点（间隔半年）的推移，保持高水平的概率是0.791，保持低水平的概率是0.634，从低水平转变为高水平的概率是0.366，从高水平转变为低水平的概率是0.209。该结果表明超常儿童创造性自我效能感的发展既有稳定性也有变化性。

子研究二探索心理韧性在超常儿童完美主义与创造性自我效能感纵向关系中的中介作用。基于以变量为中心的方法，采用纵向研究设计，以北京地区小学三到六年级超常儿童（n = 211）为研究对象，使用中文版Frost完美主义量表、中文版10条目心理韧性量表、创造性自我效能感量表收集T1和T2时间点（间隔半年）的纵向数据，通过交叉滞后面板模型验证心理韧性在超常儿童完美主义和创造性自我效能感纵向关系中的中介作用。结果表明：（1）超常儿童的积极完美主义可以正向预测其创造性自我效能感，而消极完美主义与创造性自我效能感不相关；（2）心理韧性在超常儿童积极完美主义和创造性自我效能感的纵向关系中起部分中介作用。

子研究三旨在补充和进一步深入解释量化研究的结果。该研究选取量化研究结果中具有代表性的29名超常儿童进行访谈，运用演绎和归纳的方式对访谈文本进行主题分析，结果发现：（1）创造性自我效能的发展趋势与超常儿童产生创造性想法或产品的已有成功经验密切相关。此外，重要他人对自己创新能力的信任、超常儿童在创造性任务相关领域的知识储备等因素都会影响超常儿童创造性自我效能感的发展趋势。（2）积极完美主义和心理韧性对超常儿童创造性自我效能感的影响与积极的应对方式、生理情绪状态等因素密切相关。（3）消极完美主义与超常儿童创造性自我效能感不相关。

基于上述研究结果，本研究进行深入讨论，并提出教育建议：（1）学校、教师、家长应高度重视超常儿童创造性自我效能感的发展与提高，为他们制造更多的创新机会；（2）培养超常儿童重视条理整洁、为自己设定高目标、遇到困难不退缩等个人品质，以促进超常儿童的创造性自我效能感，进一步提高超常儿童的创造力。

China attaches great importance to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents. Extraordinary children are the targets of early selection and key cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and the number of extraordinary children studying in ordinary classes is huge. Improving their creativity is of great significance to the implementation of the policy of "cultivating a large number of innovative talents". The key to improve the creativity of gifted children is to cultivate their creative self-efficacy. Creative self-efficacy is an effective tool to evaluate individual subjective creativity, one of the core factors to promote the transformation of creative potential into creative achievement, and an effective way to improve individual creativity. In addition, creative self-efficacy will develop dynamically with the passage of time and be influenced by individual internal factors. However, at present, the relevant research at home and abroad mainly adopts the variable-centered method to investigate the development level and trend of creative self-efficacy of gifted children, and it is difficult to reveal the development of sub-groups （such as different levels of creative self-efficacy） accurately and in detail; At the same time, the existing research mainly uses cross-sectional research design to investigate the influencing factors of creative self-efficacy of gifted children, and it is difficult to reveal the causal relationship between variables through diachronic evidence. Based on this, this study intends to explore the changing trend of creative self-efficacy of gifted children with an individual-centered approach, and explore the causal relationship between personality characteristics and creative self-efficacy of gifted children with a longitudinal research design, so as to provide empirical basis for further exploring and effectively cultivating creative self-efficacy of gifted children. In this study, the development trend of creative self-efficacy of gifted children and psychological resilience's mediating role in the vertical relationship between perfectionism and creative self-efficacy of gifted children were investigated by using the mixed research design of explanatory sequence. First, non-experimental quantitative research was used to explore, and then qualitative research was used to supplement and explain the results of quantitative research. 
Sub-study 1 examines the changing trend of creative self-efficacy of gifted children. Based on the individual-centered method, longitudinal research design was adopted, and the gifted children （n = 211） in a primary school in Beijing were taken as the research object. The data were collected by using the Creative Self-efficacy Scale, and the grouping situation of gifted children in the level of creative self-efficacy was investigated by using the potential profile analysis, and the transformation trend of gifted children with different levels of creative self-efficacy was investigated by using the potential transition analysis in half a year. The results show that the level of creative self-efficacy of gifted children can be divided into two groups, and with the passage from T1 to T2 （half a year apart）, the probability of maintaining a high level is 0.791, the probability of maintaining a low level is 0.634, the probability of changing from a low level to a high level is 0.366, and the probability of changing from a high level to a low level is 0.209. The results show that the development of creative self-efficacy of gifted children is both stable and changeable. 
Sub-study 2 explores psychological resilience's mediating role in the vertical relationship between perfectionism and creative self-efficacy of gifted children. Based on the variable-centered method, the longitudinal research design was adopted, and the gifted children （n = 211） in a primary school in Beijing were taken as the research object. The Chinese version of Frost Perfectionism Scale, the Chinese version of 10-item psychological resilience Scale and the Creative Self-efficacy Scale were used to collect the longitudinal data at T1 and T2 （with an interval of half a year）, and the mediating role of psychological resilience in the vertical relationship between perfectionism and creative self-efficacy of gifted children was verified through the cross-lag panel model. The results show that: （1） Positive perfectionism of gifted children can positively predict their creative self-efficacy, while negative perfectionism has nothing to do with creative self-efficacy; （2） psychological resilience partially mediates the vertical relationship between positive perfectionism and creative self-efficacy. 
Sub-study 3 aims to supplement and further explain the research results of quantitative research. In this study, 29 representative extraordinary children in quantitative research results were interviewed, and the theme of the interview text was analyzed by deduction and induction. The results showed that: （1） The development trend of creative self-efficacy was closely related to the successful experience of extraordinary children in generating creative ideas or products. In addition, the successful innovation experience of others, especially important others, the trust of important others in their own innovation ability, the emotional experience of gifted children in the process of innovation, their attitude towards creative tasks, the amount of time spent in creative tasks, the knowledge reserve in related fields of creative tasks, and communication with others will all affect the development trend of gifted children's creative self-efficacy. （2） psychological resilience's mediating role in the vertical relationship between perfectionism and creative self-efficacy of gifted children is closely related to the successful experience and emotional experience of gifted children in the process of positive perfectionism and psychological resilience's influence on creative self-efficacy. 
Based on the above research results, this study conducted in-depth discussions and put forward educational suggestions: （1） Schools, teachers and parents should attach great importance to the development and improvement of creative self-efficacy of supernormal children and create more innovative opportunities for them; （2） To cultivate exceptional children's personal qualities, such as paying attention to neatness, setting high goals for themselves and not flinching when encountering difficulties, so as to promote their creative self-efficacy and further improve their creativity.