我国转基因食品安全监管状况和对策研究摘　要转基因食品是一种利用基因技术重组生物体而得到的新型食品，近年来在国内外发展迅速。转基因食品，一方面对保证我国粮食安全具有重要意义，另一方面又可能对生态环境、人体健康、社会稳定等方面产生不利影响。如何既促进其合理发展，又科学防范风险，就成为了转基因食品安全监管工作面临的重要课题。党的十八届三中全会和2015年新修订《食品安全法》中提出的“源头治理”思路，以及十八届五中全会提出的“社会治理精细化”概念，均为转基因食品监管理论和实践指出了明确的方向。转基因食品作为一种新型食品，既有食品的多重属性，也有因基因技术介入而产生的现代风险性。这二者最终共同决定了转基因食品呈现出风险的复杂性和对其专门监管的必要性。在我国以“黄金大米”事件为代表的转基因食品安全监管实践中，因多部门分段负责体制而造成的责任不清、反应较慢、制度空白、公众参与不足等一系列缺陷，虽经修订《食品安全法》后有了不同程度的改善，但我国转基因食品安全监管仍需强化政府的主体地位，进一步完善多元主体参与机制，构建完善、精细化的监管法律法规和制度体系。笔者通过比较美国、欧盟、日本等先进国家的转基因食品安全监管情况，发现转基因食品安全监管与一国经济、政治、社会、法律传统密切相关，也深刻受到一国对待人与自然的价值取向的影响。在此基础上，笔者分析提出我国转基因食品安全监管应以依法治理和生态和谐为核心理念，在源头治理思路指导下，确立行政公开、多元主体参与、道德优先的原则，加强转基因食品安全监管部门的能力建设，加快转基因食品安全监管专门立法工作，充分发挥公益组织等多元主体的作用,并细化公众参与的制度设计等宏观建议。同时，笔者结合自身工作实际，提出了在制度体系、监管网络、具体工作手段方面的转基因食品监管精细化的具体建议。

As a kind of new resources food, genetically modified food, with the characteristics of high output and good economic benefits, has an important significance for ensuring food security in China. However, under the broad context of frequent contradictions and constant food safety incidents during the transitional period in China, and due to the drawbacks of short consumptive time itself together with the scarcity of long-term safety demonstration, which is prone to trigger social problems and even regional conflicts, thus influence the stability of society. Therefore, it is imperative and urgent to impose the supervision on the safety of genetically modified food.Commercial promotion of genetically modified food started early and developed rapidly in China, nevertheless, it is relatively backward in terms of the construction on corresponding security supervision legal system and supervision regulation of genetically modified food. Especially after the abolishment of 《Genetically Modified Food Hygiene Management Measures》.There are relatively specific legal regulations merely on a few aspects including genetically modified experiment on agriculture, management on seedings, imports and exports on genetically modified products, as well as symbols. Whereas the single and specific safety supervision legislation on genetically modified food is still in blank. In the field of supervision system. Our nation continues to utilize routine system and mechanism to handle safety management work on genetically modified food, failing to blaze a trail in specialized and normalized supervision on genetically modified food. Regarding to the safety problem of genetically modified food that has happened, only to treat and handle as a special case after happening. It would say that safety supervision on genetically modified food is always in a state of terminal governance. This paper, by means of the methods of reference and contrast in some international countries and regions where the safety supervision system on genetically modified food is relatively advanced and mature, analyzes the deficiency of relative systems comprising the examination and approval system of production and operation which safety supervision on genetically modified food still utilizes, the system of risk evaluation and nutrition assessment, the system of inspection, supervision and reappraisement, as well as the system of food symbols. Form which the paper draws a conclusion that national safety supervision work on genetically modified food is supposed to launch according to the national condition during transitional period, taking the view of risk regulation and the attitude of neorationalism as the guidance, laying emphasis on applying some principles like public administration to guide the supervision, gradually building and improving the governance mechanism of the source containing multi-subject participation, specific standards system and the whole process of information identification and traceability system.