随着经济形势的不容乐观、社会流动的逐渐变缓，“极端化内卷”、“末位淘 汰”等社会现象层出不穷、热度居高不下，在这些现象中人们不仅仅是参与竞争， 并且表现出非理性、焦虑、比较等特征。而从更深层的心理特征进行分析，这些 现象体现出了一种零和思维，即个体认为人与人之间的利益或资源是相互对抗、 非此即彼。在这种情况下，竞争逐渐向内发展，变得更加盲目化，并伴随着不合 作、冲突、低信任等特征。因为零和思维对个体心理、行为有着重要意义，因此 本研究旨在了解造成零和思维的可能原因，以及零和思维可能伴随的行为后果， 从而加深对相关社会现象的理解，并提出可能的干预方法。

本研究提出，感知到低社会流动性是零和思维产生的原因，而资源匮乏感则 是这一关系的中介变量。具体来说，感知到低社会流动性会使个体认为自身努力 对最终结果的决定作用变弱，从而产生资源匮乏感，而感受到资源的有限性最终 带来零和思维，并产生相应的行为表现。

本文通过四项研究对上述假设进行检验。研究一通过分析《世界价值观调查》 (World Value Survey)的二手数据发现，低社会流动感知会预测高零和思维，并且 资源匮乏感在两者之间起到中介作用。研究二 A 和研究二 B 分别在美国和中国 被试展开问卷调查，再次发现低社会流动感知对高零和思维的预测作用，以及资 源匮乏感的中介作用，并排除了三个替代性解释，包括相对剥夺感、向上经济比 较和竞争性感知。研究三在美国被试中进行实验研究，通过操作社会流动感知发 现它与零和思维的因果关系，同时验证了资源匮乏感的中介作用，并发现零和思 维会进一步预测个体的攻击倾向。综上所述，本研究发现低社会流动感知会增加 资源匮乏感，而资源匮乏感会带来零和思维，零和思维进一步预测攻击倾向。

本研究采用多样化的方法、数据和被试群体，揭示了零和思维的前因及其后 效，并发现了社会流动感知影响零和思维的路径，即资源匮乏感。上述发现从理 论层面拓展了社会流动感知、零和思维等领域，从实践层面揭示了“末位淘汰” 现象产生的可能前因及干预方法，有利于促进社会稳定和谐、提高人民幸福感。

With the economic situation becoming less optimistic and social mobility slowing down, various social phenomena such as "Extreme involution" and " Last place elimination" continue to emerge and remain highly prevalent. In these phenomena, people are not only engaged in competition but also exhibit characteristics of irrationality, anxiety, and constant comparison. Going deeper into the psychological characteristics, these phenomena reflect a zero-sum mindset, where individuals perceive interests or resources as antagonistic and binary. In this situation, competition becomes increasingly internalized and often associated with non-cooperation, conflict, and low trust. Because zero-sum thinking have significant implications for individual psychology and behavior, this study aims to understand the possible origins of zero- sum thinking and the behavioral consequences they may entail, thereby enhancing our understanding of relevant social phenomena and proposing potential intervention methods.

This research tested the above hypotheses through four studies. Study 1 analyzed secondary data from the World Values Survey and found that the perceiving low social mobility predicts high levels of zero-sum thinking, this relationship was mediated by resource scarcity. Studies 2A and 2B conducted questionnaire surveys both in the United States and China, respectively, and replicated the predictive effect of the perceiving low social mobility on high levels of zero-sum thinking, as well as mediated by resource scarcity. These studies ruled out three alternative accounts, including the perceived relative deprivation, upward economic comparison and perceived competition. Study 3 conducted experimental research with participants in the United States, manipulating social mobility perception, and confirmed the causal relationship between social mobility perception and zero-sum thinking. It also validated the mediator of resource scarcity and found that zero-sum thinking further predicts individuals' tendencies towards aggression.

In summary, this research discovered that the perceiving low social mobility increases the sense of resource scarcity, which in turn leads to zero-sum thinking. Zero- sum thinking further predict aggressive tendencies. This research used diverse methods,data sources, and participants, revealing the antecedents and consequences of zero-sum thinking and shedding light on the pathway through which social mobility perception affect zero-sum thinking, i.e., via resource scarcity. These findings expand the theoretical understanding of social mobility perceptions, zero-sum thinking, and related areas. From a practical perspective, they uncover potential causes of the " Involution" phenomenon and suggest interventions that could promote social stability, harmony, and the well-being of the people.