清代中长篇小说中的女侠形象摘 要本文研究的是清代中长篇小说中的女侠形象，自从先秦有了侠客，其历史一直延续至今。在这绵长的侠客史中，女侠的形象虽少，但却闪耀着异样的光彩，另人瞩目。历代小说中都有风姿各异的女侠出现，但在清代中长篇小说中出现了一类有异于以往的“英雄气壮，儿女情深”的女侠。她们既具有传统侠客的本色和品格，亦异于前代的女侠形象，具有丰富的女性气质、出众的武功、智慧、才情、独立的人格，更深明侠之“大义”，呈现出一种新的面貌。本文从四个方面对清代中长篇小说中的女侠形象进行写作：在《绪论》中，首先对清代女侠的研究状况做一个回顾与扫描。从目前对清代女侠的研究来看，不管是侠史著作，还是文章，多是对一本小说中女侠或某一个女侠形象的点评式的和零散的分析，有的则仅仅是提到了名字，而对众多出现在中长篇小说中的女侠形象则缺乏系统的和整体的研究。其次交待本文的研究目的、意义以及研究方法。本文针对以上对清代女侠研究的不足，欲做进一步的系统的和整体的研究，对清代中长篇小说中的女侠的侠之传统品格和新特质进行归纳与概括，并在此基础上分析女侠形成的原因。第一章《女侠形象概说》分为两个方面：一是论述中国侠客源远流长的历史，在此基础上探寻历代女侠的踪迹和身影。二是在清初至1894年的古代小说范畴内，对其中的中长篇小说作品中的女侠形象进行了统计。第二章《女侠的传统侠士品格》分为三个方面：一是以花碧莲、陈丽卿、水冰心等为例探讨侠的“性情刚烈，不畏权势”的品格；二是以何玉凤、陈丽卿等为例把握侠的“仗义行侠，除恶济困”的品格；三是以鲍金花、水冰心、何玉凤等为例讨论侠的“报恩复仇”的品格。作为女性侠客，她们具有传统侠客的英雄本色和侠士品格。第三章《女侠的新特质》分为四个方面：一是以史锦屏、花碧莲、陈丽卿等为例研究女侠的“女性气质”，她们既有女性美丽的容貌，又有女性的丰富细腻的正常情感；二是以丁月华、张玉兰、何玉凤等为例显示女侠的“出众的武功、智慧和才情”；三是以王翠翘、甘兰娘等为例研究女侠的“独立的人格”；四是以华秋英、何玉凤、王翠翘等为例研究女侠的“侠之‘大义’”。第四章《女侠形成的原因》。清代中长篇小说中的女侠没有了以前女侠的神秘飘忽，不食人间烟火，更符合现实生活中的女性，通俗化、人性化、真实化，但又理想化。究其变化的原因，有三方面的影响：文学思潮的影响、才子佳人小说创作的影响与作家自身遭遇和理想的反映与寄托。结语。这些女侠行侠仗义、抗恶锄奸，不逊色于男性侠客；她们开始向女性自身角色回归，表现出了丰富的女性气质；她们武功卓越、智慧超群、才情出众；她们勇于追求爱情，且表现出了一些进步的爱情观和婚姻观；她们在人格上表现出了一定的独立性，且深明侠之“大义”。这些都是女性的进步，都是值得肯定的。但这并不等于说实现了真正的男女平等，我们应看到其本质，即在封建男权社会中，这些依然是男性童话和理想在女性身上的折射。关键词：清代 中长篇小说 女侠 传统侠士品格 新特质

THE FEMAIE-XIA FIGURESIN QING DYNASTY`S MIDDLE-AND-LONG NOVELS ABSTRACTThis thesis is about the female-xia figures in Qing Dynasty`s middle-and-long novels. Since the Pre-Qin period, the Chinese literature of Xia (swordsmen) continues to today. In the long history, although there are a few female-xia appearing, they are very outstanding. There are all kinds of different female-xia figures in the literature of each dynasty, however, a kind of new female-xia, who own strong heroic spirit and marked children feeling appearing in Qing Dynasty`s middle-and-long novels. The female-xia present a new face, who not only have the hero nature and morals of the traditional swordsmen, but also have rich female-sex qualities, outstanding Kung fu, wisdom, talents, independent personality and the big loyalty of xia. This thesis states the female-xia figures in Qing Dynasty’s middle-and-long novels from five aspects.The “introduction” first reviews and summarizes the research of the Qing Dynasty`s female-xia. Most researchers studying female warriors focus on one or few figures in one novel instead of adopting a holistic and systematic method to study the female-xia figures in Qing Dynasty`s middle-and-long novels as a whole. Then this thesis illustrates the aim, significance and research methods of the study. Due to the shortcomings of the previous studies, this thesis induces and generalizes the female-xia`s hero nature, the similar morals with the traditional swordsmen and some new characteristics appearing in Qing Dynasty`s middle-and-long novels. And in addition, this thesis analyzes the cause of the formation of the female-xia figures.Chapter 1 describes generally the female-xia figures from two aspects. First, this thesis discusses the age long history of the Chinese Xia and seeks the trace of the female-xia in every dynasty. Second, this thesis counts out the female-xia figures in Qing Dynasty`s middle-and-long novels from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to 1894 in the ancient novels.Chapter 2 describes the morals of the traditional swordsmen of female-xia from three aspects. First, taking Hua Bilian, Chen Liqing as an example, this thesis discusses the furious temper and the not fearing power and influence. Second, such figures as He Yufeng and Chen Liqing are taken as example to grasp the spirit of “resisting ruffians and removing scoundrels and help others in difficult and urgent time”. Third, female-xia as Bao Jinhua, Shui Bingxin and He Yufeng, who requite grace, revenge evils.Chapter 3 presents the spirit of the new characteristic of female-xia from four aspects. First, the “female sex qualities” is analyzed based upon the study of Shi Jinping, Hua Biliang and Chen Liqing, etc. They have not only the exterior beauty of the female sex, but also internal virtues. Second, the female-xia’s outstanding Kung fu, and the wisdom and talents are summarized, for example Ding Yuehua, Zhang Yulan and He Yufeng, etc. Third, the independent personality of the female-xia figures is analyzed, taking Wang Cuiqiao and Gan Lanniang for example. In the last part of this chapter, the big loyalty of the female-xia is discussed based upon the study of Hua Qiuying, He Yufeng and Wang Cuiqiao etc. Chapter 4 states the reason why the female-xia figures appeared in Qing Dynasty’s middle-and-long novels. The female-xia figures conform to the female figures in actual life, who are common, real, ideal and different from the previously female-xia who were mysterious and supernatural. The source of these changes lies in the culture trend of thought, culture creation and the authors` ideal.In conclusion, the female-xia can do chivalrous things, resist scoundrels and eradicate traitors. They are no worse than men. They start to return to the female sex self and have rich emotion. They have super-eminent Kung fu, and outstanding wisdom and talents. They bravely look for love and have some new ideas in the philosophy of love and marriage. But the equality of men and women can not be practiced in that society. The virtues of the female-xia figures are still refractions of male sex’s stories and ideals in the feudalism the male sex power society. Key word: Qing Dynasty, middle-and-long novels, female-xia, the morals of the traditional swordsman, new characteristics.