M•舍勒是德国著名的现象学哲学家，也是中外哲学史上第一个明确提出并专门探讨价值秩序问题的哲学家。今天，价值秩序问题已经成为一个重大的时代问题，以与时俱进为理论特色的马克思主义，理应研究价值秩序，并为人们的价值选择和价值评价提供指导。显然，舍勒的价值秩序理论是任何研究此问题的人都不能忽视的历史资源，对舍勒价值秩序理论的先行解读和研究也就具有了特殊的意义。本论文以价值秩序与社会秩序的关系为主导线索，综合运用文本分析与解释法、比较法、逻辑与历史相统一等多种研究方法，对价值秩序理论的内容、逻辑以及社会解释进行了较为详细的梳理与分析。研究发现，尽管舍勒价值秩序理论有众多的不足与缺陷，但它对价值秩序与社会秩序之间关系的认识是非常深刻的，也具有一定的合理性。从马克思主义的立场反思价值秩序与社会秩序的关系，不仅有助于丰富和发展马克思主义理论，而且对当今和谐社会秩序的构建有重要的启示。价值秩序理论是舍勒现象学价值论的核心内容，它是在19世纪末20世纪初欧洲和德国社会变革背景、时代精神背景和学术研究背景的共同作用下，对现实社会的精神危机所做的一种理论应答，其主要理论来源是基督教思想和胡塞尔现象学，理论旨趣在于重新审理现代性，并尝试为道德奠基。价值秩序理论并没有一个公认的完整体系，其主要理论观点和社会解释散见于舍勒不同时期的著作中。因此，梳理价值秩序理论的主要观点和内容体系是研究工作的首要环节。价值秩序是自身被给予的质料秩序，主要展现为由高到低排列的五种价值样式即神圣价值、精神价值、生命价值、实用价值和感官价值之间的相互奠基关系；从根本上讲，价值秩序是一种人心秩序，因此也可称之为人心价值秩序；价值秩序不仅是理解个人的根据，也是社会秩序赖以建立和存在的深层根据。价值秩序理论本身的构建方法是非逻辑的，但方法上的非逻辑并不否定理论本身的逻辑性。分析发现，舍勒对人的精神本质的揭示是其价值秩序理论的逻辑前提，有了对精神的独特认识，一个壮丽无比的价值世界才得以展现在舍勒面前；精神直观法是价值秩序理论的方法支持；而作为精神的非逻辑维度的情感理性是价值秩序理论的合法性基础。在逻辑分析的基础上，论文又从历史角度切入，对一个历史的片段即资本主义的起源，和整个历史的展开过程即古代社会、现代社会与未来社会的变化，从价值秩序的实然与应然之间的矛盾状况出发，揭示了人心价值秩序与社会秩序的如下关系：资本主义起源于现代心性，价值秩序的失衡是古代社会的遗憾，价值秩序的颠倒是现代社会的无奈，价值秩序的重建是未来社会的期盼。研究舍勒价值秩序理论的最终目的是丰富和发展马克思主义理论，所以，就共同关注的社会秩序正当性问题，展开价值秩序理论与马克思哲学的沟通交流很有必要。论文从对社会秩序的一般理解中，分析得出社会秩序是社会组织秩序与人心价值秩序的和谐统一的结论，指出马克思主要是从社会组织秩序视角分析社会秩序的正当性，而舍勒主要是从人心价值秩序视角分析，二者产生视角差异的原因在于他们对社会和价值的认识不同。在此前提下，从三个方面提出了价值秩序理论与马克思哲学可能的交流。通过交流进一步认识价值秩序理论的贡献与局限、深刻与片面，从而为丰富和发展马克思主义指明方向。

Max Scheler is a well-known philosopher of phenomenology in German. He is also the first philosopher putting forward and discussing the value order. Today, the value order has become a major issue of the times. Marxism which specialized in advancing with the times should research the value order, and provide guidance to people’s choices and evaluation of value. Thus, Scheler’s theory of value order should not be ignored. The study of Scheler’s theory is of special significance.Taking the relationship between value order and society order as a guiding clue, this dissertation analyses content, logic and social interpretation of the theory of value order. Many methods such as text analysis, comparison and the unification of logic and history are employed. It is founded that the theory of value order has a very deep understanding and rationality on the relations between value order and society order in spite of much defects. Reflecting from Marxism, this can help not only to enrich and develop the theory of Marxism, but also benefit the construction of harmonious society.The theory of value order is the core of Scheler’s phenomenological axiology, and it is a theoretical response to the spiritual crisis in the background of Europe and German’s Social transformation, zeitgeist and academic research. The Christian thoughts and Husserl's phenomenology are the main theoretical source. The theory of value order aims at rehearing Modernity and trying to build foundation for moral.The theory of value order doesn’t have a recognized complete system. Its main theoretical viewpoints and social interpretation scattered in different works. It is indispensable to look back the main points of the theory. The value order is a self-given and material order that shows for ranks among the Sensible Values, Pragmatic Value, Life-Values, Spiritual Values and the Value of the Holy. Basically, the value order is an order of mind. So it can be called as the value or mind order. The value order is not only the basis of understanding individuals, but also deep accordance to understanding society order.In spite of non-logical method, the theory itself has its own logic. It is founded that the spirit as human nature is the logical premise of the theory, and spirit intuitive method is the main support. The feeling reason that is put forward firstly in this paper supported legitimacy of the theory.On the basis of logic analysis, this paper discussed the origin of capitalism and the features of value order in ancient society, modern society and the future society from historical angle. It is concluded that modern Capitalism originated from the mind nature of human. Imbalance of the value order is unfortunate to ancient society. Inverting of the value order is inevitable for modern society, and the reconstruction of the value order is the expection for future society. The study on Scheler’s theory of value order aims at enriching and developing Marxist theory. Therefore, it is necessary for Marx and Scheler to have a contemporary exchange about society order. Generally speaking, society order could be a harmonious unity of society organization order and mind or value order. Their perspectives of Marx’s society organization order and Scheler’s mind or value order are different due to their understanding to society and value. On this premise, contributions and limitations of the theory were revealed, and possible exchange could be carried out from three aspects so as to enrich and develop Marxism.