纵向岭谷区具有独特的高山峡谷景观、丰富的生态系统种类、脆弱的生态环境以及日益加大的资源开发力度等使得该区成为国内外学术界关注的热点区域之一。在GIS和FRAGSTATS3.3软件的支持下，以土地利用数据为基础，以纵向岭谷区的核心区--澜沧江流域为例开展了景观系统分析及道路网络对生态系统服务功能的研究，有助于认识人类活动对生态系统的影响，主要研究内容与结果如下：(1)应用GIS技术和景观结构分析软件FRAGSTATS3.3对纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域1980年、2000年的景观类型转化及其景观格局对比分析。旱地、有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、高覆盖草地、中覆盖草地间的相互转化较频繁；在景观尺度上，区域景观破碎化程度下降，斑块形状变得较规则、简单，斑块的聚集度、连接性变好，景观多样性和均匀性增加；人类活动对景观格局的有利与不利的影响使各景观要素的结构与格局变化存在较大的差异性，其中，有林地、灌木林地、高覆盖草地的景观格局与区域景观变化相一致，而疏林地、中覆盖草地、水田、建设用地的景观格局与区域景观变化相反，旱田的景观格局变化较复杂；景观要素类型分布具有明显的垂直性,有80%的景观类型分布在海拔1000-2500米之间，海拔2500米是澜沧江流域人类活动与该区景观类型的重要分界线，人类活动对澜沧江流域的干扰主要集中在中、下游地区。(2)在土地利用变化的基础上，以景观干扰指数和土地利用类型的敏感度指数为评价指标，分析不同研究时段内不同空间范围的景观生态风险变化情况。研究表明，自1992年以来该流域生态环境受人类活动干扰增强，耕地、林地、草地三者之间相互转化频率较高；土地利用结构的变化导致景观生态风险指数时空差异显著，中级以上的生态风险主要分布于该流域的中下游，分布范围呈东南向西北方向扩展，风险较高的地区增加幅度较大。受地形、地貌的影响，该区域的景观生态风险各向异性较显著，自相关范围在7.5km之内。澜沧江流域景观生态风险有扩大的趋势，应加强中级以上景观生态风险区域的生态保护与建设，以实现澜沧江流域的生态环境与社会经济的可持续发展。(3)景观结构变化导致景观生态安全指数在时空分异性较强，生态安全程度呈下降趋势，由于研究区特殊的地形、地貌特征，澜沧江流域的上、中、下游的生态安全指数分布形态及其下降幅度存在较大的差异，较低的生态安全指数（ES≤0.5）主要分布于该流域的下游呈东北-西南近“Y”形并沿江扩展，而较高的生态安全指数（ES≥0.6）主要分布于流域的中游呈东南-西北方向并沿江萎缩。(4)景观健康是近年来景观生态学与生态系统健康学相互交叉、相互耦合的一个新的研究领域。纵向岭谷区道路影响生态系统的面积占区域面积比例的5.42%，低等级道路对生态系统的面积和景观破碎化影响较显著，而对耕地和建设用地的影响弱于高等级道路，由于道路对生态系统变化的驱动作用，使耕地和建设用地在道路影响域的面积比例高于其在全区的比例。随着道路网的扩展，景观结构健康指数从不考虑道路对生态系统影响下的0.42下降至考虑所有道路对生态系统影响下的0.24，从一般状态下降到亚健康状态，景观结构健康随着道路网密度的增加，其下降幅度较大。(5)以纵向岭谷区的1980年、2000年土地利用数据为基础，运用机会成本法、影子价格法、替代工程法和成果参照法等方法从物质量和价值量计算该区各类生态系统服务功能及服务价值。纵向岭谷区1980年、2000年生态系统服务总价值为4739.7056×108元、4672.9286×108元，21年来该区生态系统服务价值下降幅度为1.39%；生态系统服价值在空间分布存在较大的差异性，南部地区高于北部地区，东部地区高于西部地区，区域生态系统中以小面积、低服务价值的零碎斑块占比例较多，而大面积、高服务价值的大斑块的占比例较少。(6)以纵向岭谷区1980年、2000年的生态系统服务价值和公路网数据为基础，利用景观退化指数估算在公路网干扰下的生态系统服务价值，揭示人类活动对生态系统服务功能的影响。研究表明，生态系统类型的转换使研究区在这21年期间损失了65多亿元服务价值，公路网对生态系统的结构破碎化效应显著，这种破碎化影响具有累积性。2000年生态系统在公路网干扰下，损失了1900多亿元生态系统服务价值，公路网密度对生态系统服务价值的影响呈指数递减，该区2010年、2020年的规划公路网预测表明，生态系统服务价值平均以1.2%/a速率减少。本文从价值量的角度反演生态系统结构的变化对服务功能为复杂的非线性影响，考虑人类重大工程—公路对生态系统服务功能的干扰，对生态系统服务价值的精确估算以及生态系统功能的定量研究探索一种新的研究思路与方法，为公路建设的生态影响研究具有理论与现实意义。

Particular landscape of mountain ranges and gorges, abundant in ecosystem categories, fragile eco-environment and increasingly exploiting degree of natural resources made the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) in Southwest China a focus of studying area. Based on the land use data of he Lancang River watershed (LRW), the center of longitudinal range gorge region(LRGR), supported by GIS, Studying on the system analysis of landscape and effect of road networks on ecosystem services function could help people to realize the effect degree of humam activities on ecosystem. Main achievement were as follows:（1）Based on land use and land cover data, the landscape has been classified into twelve types, transition of landscape components and the changes of landscape patterns have been studied in Lancang River Basin that is the core area of LRGR from 1985 to 2000 using GIS and FRAGSTATS3. According to the results, the transition of the landscape was mainly happened among dry land，forest land，brush land，sparse woods，high-coverage grassland，middle-coverage grassland. At the landscape level, the fragmentation of landscape was decreased with a decrease in patch number from 44054 to 44978, the index of area-weighted fractal dimension and landscape shape index was decreased respectively, which leaded to the shape of patches more regular and simple. The other index of landscape was increased respectively, which leaded to the spatial aggregation and connectedness was improved, both the diversity and evenness of landscape were increasing. At patch level, the landscape components had a complex structural change and their pattern had a biggish difference due to man’s advantaged and disadvantaged disturbance to landscape，The change trend of landscape pattern for forest land, bush forest and high-coverage grassland was consistent with that of regional landscape, however, the change trend of landscape pattern for sparse woods, middle-coverage grassland, paddy field and construction land was inconsistent with that of regional landscape, The dry land had a more complex structural change. The distribution of landscape components types has evident verticality and the landscape types about 80% distribute in elevation from 1000 to 25000 meter. The elevation 2500 meter is the important boundary for human activities and landscape types in this basin. The disturbance coming from human activities are focused on middle and down stream.(2) The assessment index, which was made up of landscape disturbance index and vulnerability of land use, was established on the base of land use change, and used to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamic trend of ecological risk of landscape (ERL) in this region. The results show that the environment has been disturbing more strongly by human activities since 1992 and the transformation rate has been mainly happened among farmland, forestland and grassland. It was found that the change of land use structure could strongly influence the temporal and spatial distribution of ERL. The ecological risk above middle level were mainly distributed in middle and down stream and enlarged from southeast to northwest. The extent was increased especially in the regions with higher risk indices. The anisotropy of ecological risk of landscape was significant due to effect of terrain and physiognomy and the auto-correlation was within 7.5km. The ecological risk of landscape in this area has been enlarging. Ecological protection and construction should be strengthened in the regions with middle level of ecological risk index so that the sustainable development of eco-environment and social-economy can be obtained in Lancang River watershed. (3) It was found that the change of landscape structure can strongly influence the temporal and spatial distribution of ecological security index (ESI) under natural and human factors, which might result in the decreasing of the degree of ecological security (ES) during 21 years. The large difference on the distribution shapes of ESI and its annual decreasing rate were found among the upper, middle and down stream due to the especial terrain and physiognomy in LRW, i.e, the rate of ESI in down stream descend the fastest, then the middle stream, and its of upper stream changes slowly because of locating high altitude and disturbing weekly by human activities. The lower ESI( ES ≤ 0.5 ) were mainly distributed in down stream with shape of “Y” in NE-SW and spread along the river. And the higher ESI (ES≥0.6) were mainly distributed in the middle stream with SE-NW direction and shrunk along the river. (4)Landscape health is one of new research field emerging from landscape ecology and ecosystem health. On the base of GIS platform, road buffer were divided into six classes and the buffers can be considered as the road effect zone. Eight scenarios were set as no road, expressway, first-class road, second-class road, third-class road, forth-class road, substandard road and each scenarios can overlap ecosystem types respectively. The results showed that the ecosystem areas influenced by road networks accounted for 5.42% of the total region area. The effect of low-level roads on ecosystem areas and landscape fragmentation were more remarkable, however it on farmland and construction-land was weaker than that of high-level road. Due to driving force of road works for ecosystem changes, the area percents of farmland and construction-land in road effect zone were higher than that in region. With extension of road networks, landscape structure health index (LSHI) was 0.42 without regard to the effect of road on ecosystem decreased to 0.24 with considering the effect all roads in region on ecosystem, LSHI in commonly health dropped sub-health. With the increase of road networks density, the extent of LSH declined substantially.（5）Based on the land use in 1980 and 2000 in LRGR，the different types ecosystem services function and its value were calculated using the methods of opportunity cost, shadow value, substitute engineer, consult production and so on. The total value in 1980 and 2000 was 4739.7056×108yuan and 4672.9286×108yuan, The decrease degree of ecosystem services value was 1.39% in study region during 21 yeas. There was large difference on the spatial distribution of ecosystem service value. The ecosystem service value of the south area eas higher than that of the north and that of the east was higher than that of the west. There were many patches with smail area and low service value and there were few patches with big area and high service value in regioan ecosystem.(6) Based on the ecosystem service value (ESV) in 1980 and 2000, and road networks in the longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR), it was estimated that the ecodystem services value under the disturbance of the road networks using landscape degradation index (LDI)to disclose the influence of human activities on the ecosystem service function (ESF). The results indicated that the service value (SV) of the area was decreased of more than 65×108 yuan for the transformation of the ecosystem types in the study area during the 21 years.The structural fragmentation effect of road networks on ecosystem is remarkable that is cumulated.The ecosystem lost its ESV of 1900 ×108 yuan under the disturbance of the road networks, and the influence of the road networks to the ESV was decreased in exponential. The forecast of the road networks programming in 2010 and 2020 showed that the ESV should be decreased with 1.2%/a in average. It was reversed in the paper from the point of view of value that the influence of the change of the ecosystem structure to the ESF was a complex nonlinear effect. Considering to the disturbance of the road networks, the important project of the human beings, to the ESF, it was put forward that new study way and method on the accurate estimate of the ESV and the quantity study on the ecosystem function, which made an theoretical and realistic meaning to the study on the ecological influence of the highways construction.