随着全球经济发展，能源需求不断增长，由于传统能源的不可再生性，大量的消耗会导致能源的储量日益枯竭。特别是为我国经济发展提供基础支持的能源系统，大量的依赖煤炭，而煤炭资源的储采比仅为38年，因此，新能源的开发和利用成为必然趋势。

我国幅员辽阔，太阳能资源丰富，因此具有非常有利的发展条件，随着国家对于太阳能产业的“十三五”规划的要求，该行业也要改变以往粗放式的经营方式，选址的科学性问题就成为一个关键的环节。从目前国内外的研究来看，较多的从供给因素进行研究，很少考虑需求和风险因素。因此，本文以光伏电站建设适宜性评价为研究对象，考虑常见的地理和气候等自然因子，结合借助夜间灯光数据从而来考虑供需方面的社会因子和跟风险相关的气象因子，利用地理信息系统（GIS）的技术，得到单要素适宜性结果，之后用层次分析AHP方法获得各因素的权重，利用ArcGIS叠加分析，得出建设光伏电站的全国适宜性评价结果。为了对结果检验结果的可靠性和合理性，本文还利用国家能源局发布的各省光伏电站累积装机量统计资料对结果进行检验，并且通过改变新加入的气象因子的权重大小来研究气象因子的敏感性。

 光伏电站选址适宜性空间分布结果表明我国较适宜建设光伏电站的区域主要分布在西北地区，包括青藏高原、新疆、青海、宁夏、甘肃及内蒙古的大部分地区，这些区域太阳资源丰富，经济发达，用电需求量大的广东省、江浙地区等部分区域也适合建设光伏电站，长江中下游区域由于多云雨天气则比较不适宜。精度验证结果表明，各省光伏电站建设平均适宜性与光伏电站累积装机量存在显著的正相关关系，建立的指数模型的决定系数达到0.38。敏感性分析结果表明，引入气象风险因子可以有效降低具有高风险地区的适宜性，提供更全面的结果。本文对于光伏电站建设适宜性结果不仅可以为布设光伏电站提供参考意见，还可以为保险承保提供风险建议。

With the development of the global economy, the demand for energy is increasing. However, due to the non-renewable nature of traditional energy, a large amount of consumption will lead to the depletion of traditional energy. Especially, the energy system that provides basic support for China's economic development relies heavily on coal, but the reserve and production ratio of coal resources is only 38 years. Therefore, the development and utilization of new energy has become an inevitable trend.

With the vast territory and abundant solar energy resources, China has a very favorable development condition. And, with the requirements of the thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the solar energy industry, the industry needs to change the previous extensive mode of operation, and the scientific problem of site selection has become a key part. Currently, domestic and foreign researches mainly focus on the supply factor, but seldom consider the demand and the risk factors. Therefore, taking the construction of photovoltaic power stations as the research object, this study considered climate factors, geography factors, social factors and meteorological factors. Social factors are about the supply capacity of photovoltaic power station and meteorological factors are about the probability of the risk of photovoltaic power station. Then the weight of each factor was obtained by AHP method. Finally, the national suitability evaluation result was obtained by weighting all factors. To test the reliability and rationality of the results, we test the results by using the statistics of cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations in various provinces released by the National Energy Administration. We further conducted a sensitivity analysis of meteorological factors by changing their weight.

The site suitability spatial distribution result of photovoltaic power stations shows that the most suitable regions for the construction of photovoltaic power stations in China are mainly located in northwest China, where the solar resources is rich, including the Tibetan plateau and Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and Mongolia provinces. Some regions, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang province, where the economy is developed and the demand for electricity is large, are also suitable for the construction of photovoltaic power stations, while the Yangtze Plain region is not suitable due to cloudy and rainy weather. As for accuracy, the result shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the average suitability of photovoltaic power station construction and the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power station. The decision coefficient of the Exponential model is 0.38. Sensitivity analysis of meteorological risk factors is also carried out in this paper, and it is found that the introduction of meteorological risk factors can effectively reduce the suitability of high-risk areas and provide more comprehensive results. The results of the suitability of photovoltaic power station construction in this paper can not only provide references for the installation of photovoltaic power station, but also provide suggestions for insurance underwriting.