近年来，随着政府购买公共服务政策在各地的广泛开展，一些以提供公共服务为主要职能的社会组织逐渐成长为公民福利建设和基层社会治理的重要参与主体。囿于长期“全能国家”政治体制和“总体性社会”社会形态的现实国情，我国社会组织从产生到成长始终离不开政府权力空间的适当让渡和国家多重资源的有效培植，整体上呈现出“嵌入型”的生存逻辑与路径，即以社会组织为代表的社会力量是嵌入在国家中得以存在和发展的。基于以上两点背景，本文深入社会组织的实际运行场域，尝试从核心互动双方——政府与社会组织的互动实践中提炼出政府“吸纳意愿”与社会组织“嵌入能力”两个基本维度，以“嵌入能力——吸纳意愿”为分析框架，根据社会组织生存所需的理想条件及其在现实中的具体行动策略，分析社会组织生存路径的不同模式特征。研究尝试回答的问题主要有：社会组织嵌入制度环境和社会环境中呈现出的不同生存路径形成过程、典型特征和演变趋势为何？社会组织的现实生存状况与理想模式的偏离程度如何？以及通过考察社会组织与政府互动逻辑尝试对未来时期社会组织发展、国家与社会关系变动的可能趋势作一讨论。首先，通过实地调研和文献查阅，结合两种维度的实现程度，本研究将社会组织的不同生存路径划分为“反哺型嵌入”、“抑制型嵌入”和“合作型嵌入”三种模式。在理论推演下，随着经济社会条件和制度环境的演进，原初的生存路径可能发生类型变迁：前两种中级模式均有发展为高级模式“合作型嵌入”的潜在动力，同样，高级形式亦有发生负向变动的可能。其次，本文选取了两个典型案例，具体分析了“反哺型嵌入”和“抑制型嵌入”两种社会组织生存路径中级模式的现实表现。“反哺型嵌入”和“抑制型嵌入”分别代表了社会组织嵌入能力和政府吸纳意愿相分离的状态，前者表现为社会组织成长初期组织结构尚未分化的形态，在体制强力推动下呈“寄生状”，多以派生型社会组织见长，自主性较低；后者则相反，社会组织运转已较为成熟，但体制环境对其接纳度不高，依靠强专业性生存而与科层组织相抵牾，多表现为草根民间组织和政策倡导型团体。最后，在讨论部分，本文尝试预测了理想条件下社会组织生存最优路径“合作型嵌入”的实现可能，并对未来阶段政社关系的调适变迁问题进行了讨论。本文认为，社会组织以嵌入求生存，是我国当前及之后较长时期现实国情的必然选择，但过度强调“嵌入”而忽略社会组织的独立价值追求与功能发挥则不利于其持续发展和社会自治理能力的真正激活。各司其职并协调共建的“治理共同体”关系应是社会组织今后发展的可行方向，而国家与社会互动亦将在“有边界的融合”中走向新发展。

In recent years, with the widespread implementation of Chinese government’s public service purchase policies in various regions, some social organizations with the main function of providing public services have gradually grown into important participants in citizen welfare construction and grassroots social governance. Due to the long-term political system of an "all powerful state" and the reality of the "overall society" social form, Chinese social organizations have always been inseparable from the appropriate transfer of government power space and the effective cultivation of multiple national resources from their emergence to growth. Overall, they present an "embedded" survival logic and path, that is, social forces represented by social organizations are embedded in the state and can exist and develop. Based on the above two backgrounds, this article delves into the actual operational field of social organizations, attempting to extract two basic dimensions from the interaction practice between the core interaction parties - the government and social organizations - the government's "absorbing willingness" and the social organization's "embedding ability". Using the analysis framework of "embedding ability - willingness to absorb", based on the ideal conditions required for the survival of social organizations and their specific action strategies in reality, analyze the different patterns and characteristics of the survival paths of social organizations. The main questions that the research attempts to answer are: What are the formation processes, typical characteristics, and evolutionary trends of different survival paths presented by social organizations embedded in institutional and social environments? What is the degree of deviation between the actual survival status of social organizations and their ideal models? And by examining the logic of interaction between social organizations and the government, we attempt to discuss possible trends in the development of social organizations and changes in the relationship between the state and society in the future. Firstly, through field research and literature review, combined with the degree of implementation of the two dimensions, this study divides the different survival paths of social organizations into three modes: "Feedback Embedding", "Inhibitory Embedding", and "Cooperative Embedding". Under theoretical deduction, with the evolution of economic and social conditions and institutional environment, the original survival path may undergo type changes: both the first two intermediate models have the inherent potential to develop into advanced models of "Cooperative Embedding", and similarly, there is a possibility of negative changes in advanced forms. Secondly, this article selects two typical cases to analyze the practical performance of the intermediate survival paths of social organizations, namely "Feedback Embedding" and "Inhibition Embedding". The "Feedback Embedding" and "Inhibitory Embedding" respectively represent a state of separation between the embedding ability of social organizations and the willingness of the government to absorb. The former is manifested as a form of undifferentiated organizational structure in the early stages of social organization growth, which is "parasitic" under the strong promotion of the system, and is mainly characterized by generative social organizations with low autonomy; The latter, on the other hand, operates relatively mature social organizations, but the institutional environment does not accept them highly. They rely on strong professionalism to survive and often blend in with bureaucratic organizations, manifested as grassroots civil organizations and policy advocacy groups. Finally, in the discussion section, this article attempts to predict the possibility of achieving the optimal path of "Cooperative Embedding" for the survival of social organizations under ideal conditions, and discusses the adjustment and transformation of political and social relations in future stage. This article believes that the survival of social organizations through embedding is an inevitable choice for Chinese current and long-term national conditions. However, overemphasizing "embedding" while neglecting the independent value pursuit and functional exertion of social organizations is not conducive to their sustainable development and true activation of social autonomy. The "governance community" relationship, where each performs its own duties and coordinates and co builds, should be a feasible direction for the future development of social organizations, and the interaction between the state and society will also move towards new development in the "integration with boundaries".