“民族自决”理论深刻影响了近代中国。本文试图以第一次国共合作为切入点，探究“民族自决”理论对第一次国共合作、对中国近代民族主义发展乃至对中国近代民族观念形成的影响。在第一次国共合作形成的过程中，民族自决问题始终是各方政治博弈的焦点之一，共产国际始终强硬要求国共两党承认民族自决，而国共两党本身在民族自决问题上亦存在明显分歧，因此民族自决问题自然成为了各方争论的重要议题。但同时，列宁“民族自决权”理论中鲜明的反帝主张也是国共合作的重要基石，国共两党正是基于反对帝国主义、争取民族解放的共同目标，各方最终选择妥协，并在国民党一大前夕达成了短暂的共识，而《国民党一大宣言》的通过正是共识达成的标志。毋庸置疑，这一难能可贵的共识对第一次国共合作的形成是至关重要的，它不仅体现出国共两党对民族独立和解放的共同追求，也反映了在严峻的革命形势下各方为共同目标而做出的策略性抉择。随着第一次国共合作的破裂，双方在执政理念、阶级立场上的差异逐渐显露，两党的民族理论和民族政策亦分道扬镳。但也应该注意到，两党在经过长时间的革命实践之后，均不约而同地选择以“民族自治”等口号逐渐取代“民族自决”，这也体现出“民族自决”理论本身与中国多民族国家的具体国情并不适配。

本文在对近代中国与“民族自决”理论相关的档案资料进行系统梳理的基础之上，对“民族自决”理论与第一次国共合作这一问题进行了深入剖析。本文共分为绪论、正文以及结语三个部分，其中正文共四章。第一章主要介绍了“民族自决”理论的理论渊源与欧战前后该理论在中国的传播，阐述了“民族自决”理论在欧战后对中国社会的影响。第二章主要围绕着列宁的“民族自决”理论与共产国际的远东战略，说明“民族自决”理论为何能够成为第一次国共合作的理论基础，并分析共产国际选择与国民党合作进而推动第一次国共合作的影响因素。第三章从《国民党一大宣言》中的“民族自决”理论出发，回答了国共两党为何选择承认“民族自决”这一问题，并由此论证“民族自决”理论对第一次国共合作的重要影响。第四章阐释了第一次国共合作前后乃至新中国成立前国共两党民族理论的发展变化，尤其是两党对“民族自决”理论态度的转变。

当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，在某些西方国家操弄下，“民族自决”成了一件打击异己的地缘政治工具，更有甚者企图借助民族问题分裂中国。在此背景之下，从历史学的视角出发，深刻理解“民族自决”理论的核心内涵与历史渊源，解释和说明国共两党为何会在第一次国共合作期间选择承认民族自决，又为何会逐渐放弃“民族自决”理论就具有了重要的现实意义。

The theory of national self-determination has profoundly influenced modern China. This paper aims to explore the impact of this theory on the first KMT-CPC cooperation, the development of modern Chinese nationalism, and the formation of modern Chinese national concepts, using the first KMT-CPC cooperation as a focal point.

During the formation of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, the Comintern stringently demanded both parties acknowledge national self-determination. In addition, there were obvious differences between the KMT and the CPC on the issue of national self-determination, which makes the issue of national self-determination naturally became a focal point in their political negotiations. However, Lenin's distinctive anti-imperialist stance within the theory of national self-determination also served as an essential foundation for the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC. Based on the common goals of opposing imperialism and striving for national liberation, the parties eventually compromised and reached a temporary consensus at the first KMT congress. This precious consensus was crucial for the formation of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, reflecting both parties' shared pursuit of national independence and liberation, and their strategic choices made under severe revolutionary conditions. With the breakdown of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, the two parties' national theories and policies diverged significantly.

This paper provides a systematic analysis of archival materials related to modern China and the theory of national self-determination. It consists of an introduction, main body, and conclusion, with the main body divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the origins of the theory of national self-determination and its dissemination in China before and after the first World War, explaining its impact on Chinese society post-war. The second chapter focuses on Lenin's theory of national self-determination and the Comintern's Far East strategy, analyzing why this theory became the theoretical basis for the first KMT-CPC cooperation and the factors influencing the Comintern's decision to facilitate this cooperation. The third chapter

starts from the theory of national self-determination in the declaration of the first KMT congress to explore why both parties chose to recognize national self-determination and its significant impact on their cooperation. The fourth chapter discusses the evolution of the national theories of the KMT and CPC before and after the first cooperation and leading up to the founding of new China, especially their shifting attitudes towards the theory of national self-determination.

In the current global context, where profound changes have not been seen in a century, and some Western countries manipulate "national self-determination" as a geopolitical tool to undermine others and even attempt to use national issues to divide China, understanding the core content and historical origins of the theory of national self-determination from a historical perspective and explaining why the KMT and CPC recognized this theory during their first cooperation and why they gradually abandoned it, holds significant contemporary relevance.