研究系是民国初年以梁启超为核心的政治派别和文化派别。本文以1918-1927年间的研究系为对象，结合当时的社会历史变化，着重考察研究系对社会主义的认识。全文凡三部分。第一部分，重点论述研究系对理论层面上的社会主义的认识。俄国十月革命以后，中国知识界掀起了一股宣传社会主义的热潮，研究系也是其中的一员。研究系赞赏社会主义学说，提倡社会主义精神，但在实施方法上，他们主张要根据各国的具体情况而定。他们认为，中国工业落后，经济不发达，没有发展社会主义的现实条件，并因此与陈独秀等马克思主义者展开社会主义论战。在论战中，研究系坚信资本主义阶段不可超越，必须发展工业，消除贫困，才能过渡到社会主义社会。第二部分，集中分析研究系对俄式社会主义的看法。中苏建交谈判期间，苏俄在蒙古问题上的做法引起研究系的疑虑和反感，从而改变了他们对苏俄的看法。五卅运动中，苏俄利用国人的民族情绪，打击英国在华势力，再次让研究系感到愤怒，并在此后的联俄与仇俄之争中站在“仇俄”的一方。受此影响，对俄式社会主义，研究系也持批评态度。第三部分，以梁启超反“赤化”为例，探讨研究系对中国共产党的态度。北伐期间，梁启超对国共两党领导的革命运动极度不满，他严厉批评工农运动中的过火行为，断定中国时局的混乱，是共产国际及其领导下的中国共产党有意为之。1918-1927年间研究系对社会主义的认识，体现了他们对于社会主义理想与中国社会现实选择之间的判断，从一个侧面反映了社会主义在中国传播的矛盾性和复杂性，有助于我们更全面地思考社会主义发展的历史。

Yanjiuxi is a political and cultural faction which took Lian Qichao as the core in early years of Republic China. This aticle takes Yanjiuxi’s understanding of socialism during the period of 1918-1927 as researching object and primarily studies its attitude to socialism along with the social and historical varity. The text divides three parts.The first part primarily discusses Yanjiuxi’s academic understanding of socialism. After Russia October Revolution, Chinese intelligentsia propagandize socialism actively, one of whom was Yanjiuxi.Yanjiuxi appreciated socialism theory, but they advocated that the Implementation method must be decided according to the various countries' special details. They believed that the Chinese industry is backward and the economy is not developed, so its condition didn’t fit for socialism to actualize. Therefore, it discussed with Marxists, such as Chen Duxiu. In controversy, Yanjiuxi believed that the capitalism stage cannot be surpassed and China must expand industry and eliminate poverty to construct socialism.The second part chiefly analyzes Yanjiuxi’s view of the Russian socialism. During the period of negotiating diplomatic relations between China and Russia, Russia's action in Mongolia caused Yanjiuxi 's anxiety and changed its attitude to Russia. In the May Thirtieth movement, Russia used people's national mood to attack Britain's influence in China, which let Yanjiuxi feel anger again and stand in “anti-Russia” in the struggle of “Russia, friend oa enemy”. As a result, Yanjiuxi also holded the criticic attitude to Russian socialism.The third part take Liang Qichao’s “anti-red” as example and researches Yanjiuxi’s attitude to CP. In Northern Expedition period, Liang Qichao disaffected to the revolutionary movement led by CP and KMT. He extremely criticized the excess in worker and peasant movement and concluded that the Communist International must answer for Chinese confusing situation in political aria.Yanjiuxi's attitude to socialism during the period of 1918-1927 incarnate its judgment between ideals of socialism and reality in Chinese society. It reflected the contradictionand complexity of socialism’s promulgating in China, which is helpful to comprehend thesocialism development in history.