本文通过对现代汉语方言中有关亲属称谓的文献整理，对亲属称谓词进行分类，从理论上对亲属称谓词中的“同名异实”与“异名同实”现象进行界定，评述了近年来亲属称谓词研究的现状；呈现了普通话与方言中亲属称谓词的对应关系，揭示了亲属称谓词的四个主要特点：地域差异明显，词语义项数量不同，亲属称谓词泛化使用，亲属称谓词分布数量不同。剖析了亲属称谓词和“同名异实”与“异名同实”现象的成因，阐述其历史源流；认为汉语不同历史层次的遗留、语言接触与社会风俗的影响是导致“同名异实”与“异名同实”现象的根本原因。“同名异实”与“异名同实”现象也对现代汉语词汇系统中同义词与同形词的聚合系统产生了重要影响。

This paper classifies the kinship terms based on the related literatures of kinship terms in modern Chinese dialects, defines the phenomena of “homonym” and “synonym” in kinship terms on a theoretical basis, and comments the current situation on the recent research of kinship appellation. This paper presents the correspondence between the kinship terms in Mandarin and Chinese dialects, and reveals the following four main characteristics: significant regional variations, different amounts of word meanings, generalized usage of kinship terms, and uneven distribution of kinship terms. This paper analyzes the causes of kinship appellation and the phenomena of “homonym” and “synonym”, and expounds its historical origin. It is believed that legacy of different historical period of Chinese, language contact and the influence of social customs are the root factors of the phenomena of “homonym” and “synonym”. These phenomena also have an important impact on the aggregation system of synonyms and homonyms within the modern Chinese vocabulary system.