基层民警工作压力与职业倦怠、工作幸福感的关系研究

摘  要

当前我国民警的压力越来愈大，久而久之便会造成职业倦怠。民警职业倦怠会严重影响警察队伍形象、执法能力甚至导致执法失误。因此对民警职业倦怠进行干预是建设新时代警察队伍的重要举措。当前关于民警职业倦怠的干预和控制措施有很多种，并且经过调查发现工作重塑与职业呼唤对工作压力与职业倦怠对工作幸福感的干预会产生重要影响。

本研究通过考察A市民警工作压力、职业倦怠、工作幸福感、工作重塑与职业呼唤总体表现及差异，探讨A市民警工作压力、职业倦怠与工作幸福感状况，提出缓解民警工作压力与职业倦怠的对策和建议，以期提高民警工作幸福感，执法水平和管理能力。本研究采用问卷调查的形式，所获数据采用SPSS19.0进行差异分析、相关分析、回归分析得出结论如下：

（1）A市基层民警的工作压力和职业倦怠程度呈现较高的水平。

（2）A市基层民警工作压力、职业倦怠、工作幸福感、工作重塑和职业呼唤在人口统计学变量上存在显著的差异，其中工作压力在性别上存在显著差异；职业倦怠和工作幸福感在婚姻状况上存在显著差异；工作幸福感和职业呼唤在年龄上存在显著差异；工作幸福感和工作重塑在工龄上存在显著差异；工作幸福感、工作重塑和职业呼唤在职务上存在显著差异。

（3）工作压力与职业倦怠各维度之间存在显著正相关；A市基层民警工作压力与工作幸福感存在显著负相关；A市基层民警职业倦怠与工作幸福感存在显著负相关；A市基层民警工作重塑与工作幸福感存在显著正相关；A市基层民警职业呼唤与工作幸福感存在显著正相关。

（4）A市基层民警职业呼唤对工作压力对工作幸福感有负向的调节作用；A市基层民警工作重塑对职业倦怠对工作幸福感有负向的调节作用；A市基层民警职业呼唤对职业倦怠对工作幸福感有负向的调节作用。

关键词：基层民警；工作压力；职业倦怠；工作幸福感；工作重塑；职业呼唤

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS, JOB BURNOUT AND JOB WELL-BEING OF GRASSROOTS POLICE

ABSTRACT

At present, the pressure of the police in our country is increasing, which will cause job burnout over time. The job burnout of the police will seriously affect the image of the police team, the ability of law enforcement and even lead to law enforcement mistakes. Therefore, it is an important measure to intervene the job burnout of police in the new era. At present, there are many kinds of intervention and control measures on the job burnout of the police, and through the investigation, it is found that job remodeling and job calling have an important impact on the intervention of job stress and job burnout on job well-being.

This study investigates the overall performance and differences of work pressure, job burnout, job well-being, job remodeling and job calling of the police in a city, explores the status of work pressure, job burnout and job well-being of the police in a city, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to relieve the work pressure and job burnout of the police, so as to improve the work well-being, law enforcement level and management ability of the police. In this study, questionnaire survey was used, and spss19.0 was used to analyze the difference, correlation and regression：

(1) The level of work pressure and job burnout of the basic level police in city a is high.

(2) There are significant differences in demographic variables of job stress, job burnout, job well-being, job remodeling and job calling among the grassroots police in city a, including significant differences in gender; significant differences in marital status between job burnout and job well-being; significant differences in age between job well-being and job calling; and work well-being and job calling There are significant differences in length of service, job well-being, job remodeling and job calling. 

(3) There is a significant positive correlation between job stress and all dimensions of job burnout; there is a significant negative correlation between job stress and job well-being; there is a significant negative correlation between job burnout and job well-being; there is a significant positive correlation between job remodeling and job well-being; there is a significant positive correlation between job calling and job well-being of grassroots police in a city Guan.

(4) A city's basic level police career call has a negative regulatory effect on job stress and job well-being; a city's basic level police job remodeling has a negative regulatory effect on job burnout; a city's basic level police career call has a negative regulatory effect on job burnout and job well-being.

KEY WORDS: Grassroots police ; work pressure; job burnout; job happiness; job remodeling; career call