四十年代是血与火的时代，战争带来的地理格局的分割、个体生活的断裂以及民族文化的裂变，让这一时期的小说呈现出复杂而深邃的风貌。这一时期小说中的丧葬书写也具有相当的体量和多元的内容，呈现出独特的文学风景。本文主要考察四十年代小说丧葬书写的多重主题、叙事功能和背后的文化动因，探讨其丰富多样的文本特征和文化意蕴。通过对四十年代小说丧葬书写的整理和分类，其在主题类型上可分为三种：对战争之下艰难生存图景的展示，对传统礼教和人伦虚伪的批判以及对解放区英雄丧葬的讴歌。与此同时，这些丧者的身份主要是战争背景下的小人物群像、家族叙事中的长者形象、被压抑的女性形象以及革命叙事中的英雄形象。在叙事功能方面，通过结合相关叙事学理论和文本细读，挖掘出四十年代小说丧葬书写作为叙事的重要组成部分，在塑造人物形象、推动情节发展、营构场景、构筑意象等方面发挥着独特的功用。丧葬仪礼既是展现人物各异性格的场域，又能够通过这一仪式强化人物的特定性格或激发人物罕见的一面。同时，丧葬书写复现于四十年代小说的开端、高潮、结局当中，发挥着铺垫、催化等作用。丧葬书写也综合运用了多种视角为情节叙事和主旨表达服务，而坟墓、棺材等丧葬相关意象的复现，作为一种整体性、主题性的意象统摄全文，具有文化隐喻的高度。在文化动因方面，作者的创作心路离不开四十年代的历史文化语境。四十年代是一个苦难深重的时代，救亡话语始终位于这一时期的主体地位，因此作家们以强烈的忧患意识和斗争意识书写丧葬，熔铸着对国民性重建的思考，旨在传达一种向死而生的战斗精神，具有深沉的历史感。与此同时，四十年代启蒙话语并未消逝，而是隐匿于救亡话语之下，因此作家们的丧葬书写依旧出于深厚的人道主义来实现对人的终极关怀，以启蒙精神依托丧葬民俗进行文化批判，而土地情结作为一种集体无意识成为四十年代作家们在风雨飘摇时代下书写丧葬的情感动因，渗透着作家们高度的怀乡精神。总而言之，四十年代小说丧葬书写以其丰富的文本呈现得见一个时代的历史风云和一代人的心灵探索。

The 1940s was an era of blood and fire, and due to the geographical division brought about by war, the fragmentation of individual life, and the fission of national culture, the novels of this period presented a complex and profound style. The funeral writing in novels during this period also had a considerable volume and diverse content, presenting a unique literary landscape. This article mainly examines the multiple themes, narrative functions, and cultural motivations behind the funeral writing in novels of the 1940s, and explores its rich and diverse textual features and cultural implications. Through sorting out and classifying the funeral writing of novels in the 1940s, the theme can be divided into three types: the display of the prospect of hard survival under the war, the criticism of traditional ethics and hypocrisy of human relations, and the eulogy of the funeral of heroes in Jiefang District. At the same time, the identities of these mourners mainly include group portraits of small figures in the context of war, images of elders in family narratives, suppressed female images, and heroic images in revolutionary narratives. In terms of narrative function, by combining relevant narrative theories and careful reading of texts, it was discovered that funeral writing in novels of the 1940s was an important component of narrative, playing a unique role in shaping character images, promoting plot development, constructing scenes, and constructing images. Funeral rituals not only showcase the diverse personalities of characters, but also strengthen their specific personalities or stimulate their rare aspects through this ritual. At the same time, funeral writing was reproduced in the beginning, climax, and ending of novels in the 1940s, playing a role in paving the way and catalyzing. Funeral writing also comprehensively utilizes various perspectives to serve plot narrative and theme expression, and the reproduction of funeral related images such as graves and coffins, as a holistic and thematic image, dominates the entire text, with a high degree of cultural metaphor. In terms of cultural motivation, the author's creative approach cannot be separated from the historical and cultural context of the 1940s. The 1940s was an era of profound hardship, and the discourse of national salvation always held a dominant position during this period. Therefore, writers wrote about funerals with a strong sense of hardship and struggle, casting their thoughts on the reconstruction of national character, aiming to convey a fighting spirit towards death, with a deep sense of history. At the same time, the discourse of enlightenment in the 1940s did not disappear, but rather hid under the discourse of salvation. Therefore, the funeral writing of writers was still based on profound humanitarianism to achieve ultimate care for people, relying on the spirit of enlightenment to criticize funeral customs. The land complex, as a collective unconscious, became the emotional motivation for writers in the 1940s to write funeral books in the turbulent era, Infiltrating the high spirit of nostalgia among writers. In summary, the funeral writing of novels in the 1940s presented the historical atmosphere of an era and the spiritual exploration of a generation with its rich text.