随着国家对心理健康工作越来越重视，心理健康工作者的培养也越来越需要规范化。不可否认，心理咨询师在心理健康工作中占据非常重要的地位，因此对于成熟的心理咨询师的需求很大。新手咨询师是所有咨询师在成长为成熟咨询师之前必须经历的一个阶段，对于新手咨询师来说，在真正开始进行心理咨询后，通常会在咨询中出现一些自我批评导致紧张或焦虑，进而影响在咨询效果（Skovholt & Ronnestad，2003）。这种在咨询中因咨询师过度关注自我而产生的焦虑或分心被称为阻碍性自我关注（Williams, 2008）。关于阻碍性自我关注的研究表明，新手咨询师在咨询中体验到焦虑和分心的次数越频繁，来访者对咨询的满意度和有效性水平也就越低，进而降低新手咨询师的咨询自我效能感（Wei et al., 2015）。

正念既是一种练习技术也是一种行为态度，是指以接纳的态度，带着觉知对当下进行体验的过程（Creswell, 2017）。正念练习可以很好的提升练习者的专注度以及对负面情绪的耐受度，而这正好对应于阻碍性自我关注中的分心和焦虑。因此本研究旨在采用正念团体辅导的方式来探究对新手咨询师的阻碍性自我关注的干预效果。

本研究将21名刚开始接受系统性专业心理咨询培训且咨询总小时数小于100小时的新手咨询师作为研究对象，采用针对新手咨询师群体的4周正念团体辅导对新手咨询师的阻碍性自我关注进行干预。研究采用多基线实验设计，总共分为三组团体，相互间隔2周进行，干预期间会采用阻碍性自我关注量表、咨询效能感量表以及两个正念量表来收集组员数据进行前后测对比。团体后对每位组员进行个体访谈，了解组员对正念团体的主观感受和体验。

研究发现，经过4次正念团体干预，新手咨询师的正念水平显著提升，利用正念的“不评判”和“专注当下”可以有效的减少阻碍性自我关注中的焦虑和分心情况，进而可以提升新手咨询师的咨询自我效能感。

As the nation has paid more and more attention to mental health work, the training of mental health workers also needs more conformity. Undeniably, psychological counselors play a very important role in mental health work, so there is a great demand for mature psychological counselors. Novice counselors are a stage that all counselors must go through before they grow into mature counselors. For novice counselors, after they actually start psychological counseling, some self-criticism usually leads to tension or anxiety in counseling, and then affects the effect of counseling (Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003). This anxiety or distraction caused by the counselor's excessive focus on the self in counseling is known as hindering self-focused attention (Williams, 2008). Research on the hindering self-focused attention shows that the more frequent anxiety and distraction novice counselor experience in counseling, the lower the client's satisfaction and effectiveness scores on counseling, and thus the lower the novice counselors' sense of counseling self-efficacy (Wei et al., 2015).

Mindfulness is both a practice technique and a behavioral attitude. It refers to the process of experiencing the present moment with acceptance and awareness (Creswell, 2017). The practice of mindfulness can improve the practitioner's concentration and tolerance to negative emotions, which corresponds to the distraction and anxiety of hindering self-focused attention. Therefore, this study aims to explore the intervention effect of hindering self-focused attention on novice counselors by using mindful group guidance.

In this study, 21 novice counselors who had just received systematic professional psychological counseling training and whose total counseling hours were less than 100 hours were selected as the research testee. The 4-week mindfulness group guidance for novice counselors was adopted to intervene the hindering self-focused attention of novice counselors. The study implemented a multi-baseline experimental design and was divided into three groups with an interval of 2 weeks. During the intervention period, the hindering self-focused attention scale, the counseling efficacy scale and two mindfulness scales were used to collect data from the group members for comparison before and after measurement. After the group guidance, each member was interviewed individually to understand their feelings and experience of the mindfulness group.

The study found that, after four times of mindfulness group intervention, the mindfulness level of novice counselors was significantly improved. The use of mindfulness "non-judgment" and "focus on the moment" can effectively reduce the anxiety and distraction in hindering self-focused attention, and thus improve the counseling self-efficacy of novice counselors.