古书考辨是历史研究的重要基础，清代古书考辨由经及史又转而考及诸子,这一学术实践是社会历史演变和学术发展规律交互作用的结果。将清代古书考辨置于学术思想史的视野下加以考察，结合具体例证分析古书考辨与清代学术变迁的互动关系，可以一窥传统学术思想的发展轨迹。 清初学者阎若璩、胡渭等人围绕《书》、《易》等经书进行考辨。阎若璩《尚书古文疏证》在方法论上的典范意义，得到了后来学者的认同。乾嘉时期的古书考辨更加具体化、实证化，研究领域上也由经及史，惠栋、戴震、钱大昕、崔述等学者是这一时期考辨经史的代表人物。清代后期，学界出现了以“义”考经的新动向。常州今文学派推重《公羊传》等今文家说而排斥古文经，至康有为则彻底否定了古文经，将常州今文学派的疑古传统发挥到极致。 清代古书考辨具有鲜明的时代特色，它是清学基于社会的发展变化自我调适与修正的举措。其思想特点主要有三，即疑古与复古的并行不悖，疑经与尊经的对立统一，考据与义理的相互为用。 清人主要通过考查著录传授、对比文句史事、分析思想内容、判断文体辞气等方法考辨古书真伪。出土简帛文献的刊布，为检验清人的古书考辨提供了新的研究材料和视角。关于古书书名、作者、成书年代、传流情况乃至真伪概念等问题，仍有进一步讨论的空间。将传世文献与简帛文献相结合，动态地认识古书成书与传流问题，进一步发展、完善考辨理论和方法，将成为今后考辨工作的新趋势。 清代古书考辨与学术变迁相互影响、相互作用。一方面，古书考辨实践受清代学术发展规律的制约，不同阶段的考辨实践及特点反映出清代学术的嬗变轨迹。另一方面，古书考辨对清代学术的变迁也具有重要作用，这种作用主要体现在文献学和学术思想方面。 清人的古书考辨对于后世的学术发展产生了重要影响。古书考辨在方法上存在问题，但对后世研究也有积极的启发意义。梁启超、王国维、余嘉锡等学者从不同角度予以归纳和分析，从而发展了传统的古书考辨理论和方法。 清代古书考辨对于后世学术的影响突出体现在近代兴起的疑古思潮上。顾颉刚先生的疑辨思想深受姚际恒和崔述的影响，在考辨方法上主要受阎若璩和崔述的启发，康有为所著“两《考》”则对其推翻旧古史体系具有直接的启发意义。 清代的考辨实践还开启了近代学界重新审查古籍的学术风气，疑辨对象也逐渐由古书扩大到古史，从而打破了传统儒家“崇古”、“尊经”的思想观念。其疑古过头的弊病也与清代辨伪学者尤其是康有为的消极影响不无关系。 清代古书考辨使儒家经典的权威地位受到冲击，具有思想解放的作用。此后，包括儒家经典在内的经、史及诸子之书都成为研究对象，并进而启发人们重新思考经史关系、经典意义与价值等问题，这对后世的学术走向具有重要影响。从思想史和学术史发展的角度来看，清代古书考辨的意义已经远远超出了对于古书本身真伪的判定。

The authenticity of ancient literature was the basic of History study. The authenticity, which experienced a long process in Qing Dynasty，should be considered as the result of the interaction between the social and historical evolution and the law of academic development. The track of academic thoughts would be accurately realized when we put the ancient literature authenticity into the field of academic thoughts and analyzed the interaction with the examples. Yan Ruoqu and Hu Wei, the early Qing Dynasty scholars, had research classics and considered them as forgeries. Yan Ruoqu and his study had been recognized by later scholars. The research on authenticity of ancient literature had been more specific and empirical. On terms of the research field, it had also expanded to History. Hui Dong, Dai Zhen，Qian Daxin and Cui Shu could be considered as the representatives on the period. Later, it had increasingly emerged the new trends of ideological research on the classics. Changzhou-school doubted the classics and gave the praise of Jinwen-theory. The doubt tradition had been extended by Kang Youwei.The research on the authenticity of classics texts, which shown the distinct characteristics, could been considered as the academic self-adjustment. There were three characteristics on the research. First, the doubt in ancient and return to the ancients coexisted in it. Second, the relationship of classic dubitation and reverence was unity of opposites. Third, textual research and doctrine was correlative dependence. There were four major methods in the authenticity of classic texts judgment. They were historic spread study, sentences and historical events observation, content’s thoughts analysis and style judgment. The publication of bamboo-silk text could help the research and people can continue to discuss the issues. The combination of research on classic literature and bamboo-silk text could promote the study. It will be the new trend about the research in the near future. There was the interaction between the research and the academic variance. On one hand, the research was constrained by the law of academic development. On the other hand, it also counter-produced the academic variance, which embodied on Bibliography and Academic ideology. It had the essential meaning on the academic development. The method exist some problems while it also had positive meaning for the study. Later, the scholars, Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei and Yu jiaxi, for example, continued to research the issues from different points and had promoted the methodology of the work. The influence of the research had been reflected to the later doubt trends in China. As far as doubt thought was concerned, Gu Jiegang had been influenced by Yao Jiheng and Cui Shu. In a while, he had received the research methods of Yan Ruoqu and Cui Shu. In addition, the books, written by Kang Youwei, also had the instructive meaning for his further research. Additionally, the research on the authenticity of ancient literature had inspired the atmospheres of ancient literature and history examination. Therefore, the traditional thoughts of history honor and classic homage had been transformed. The study hit the classic authority and people’s thought had been influenced. From then on, a great deal of literature had been considered as the common study objects and profoundly influenced people to think of the relationship of classic and history research and the value of classic literature and so on. From the Ideology and Academic history point of view, the significance of research had gone far beyond the authenticity of ancient literature judgment itself.