城乡一体化是一条新型的中国特色城镇化道路，其最终目标就是打破城乡分割的二元体制、经济和社会结构，整合工业化、城镇化与新农村建设的各项举措，实现城乡经济社会等多方面的一体化发展，实现城乡居民共同富裕。这种发展趋势在我国许多地区（诸如北京、上海、苏南、浙江、成都等地）已经初见端倪。资源型地区的发展是全球性的问题，是各国区域政策关注的重点，也是区域研究的重要领域。我国的资源型地区正面临着市场化条件下的艰难转型，在这个时期推进资源型地区的城乡一体化具有重要的现实意义。但是，资源型地区在推进城乡一体化的进程中不可避免地面临着来自社会、经济发展方面的诸多障碍，既有与其他非资源型地区共同的体制、政策等问题，也有由于资源型地区“因资源而兴，因资源而困”的独特性所带来的城市功能不完备、经济增长过于依赖资源型产业、经济结构单一、经济发展与社会发展不协调、城乡差距大、农村经济薄弱以及生态环境日益恶化等，其原因主要包括资源型地区区位优势差、思想观念落后以及计划经济体制遗留的政策包袱和体制负担等。推进资源型地区的城乡一体化，必须有的放矢地针对这些障碍和原因，采取以下对策：构建城乡一体化的规划体系，转变“城市偏向”的观念和资源开发观念；通过支持和发展农村促进城乡互动，加大对农业和农村的支持，加强对农民思想观念转变和综合素质提高的教育培训，为创造就业环境提供政策支持，解决农民特别是失地农民的就业难题；发掘城市核心竞争力，增强城市对农村剩余劳动力的吸纳能力以及对区域经济的辐射带动功能；同步推进经济发展与环境治理、生态恢复，发扬“生态建设产业化、产业发展生态化”的模式等。陕西省神木县位于神府煤田腹地，是一个典型的煤炭资源型地区。在城乡一体化的战略指引下，神木县的经济社会发展取得了很大的进步。本文以神木县推进城乡一体化的实践为例，进一步探讨了资源型地区推进城乡一体化的障碍和对策。作为一个典型的煤炭资源型地区，神木的城乡一体化进程同样面临着许多障碍，本文针对神木特殊的县情，提出三条对策建议：充分利用其地处晋陕蒙接壤地带的核心区域的区位优势和丰富的资源优势，抓住国家能源重化工基地建设和陕西省加快开发陕北的历史机遇；通过创新民营经济发展的产业引导机制、人才支撑机制、融资支持机制、品牌打造机制、技术进步机制以及社会责任机制来进一步加快民营经济发展；通过打造“以工兴镇”、“双百帮扶”、“结对帮扶”、“一村一品”、“示范村建设”等五大工程，在推进工业化、城镇化的同时，加快建设新农村，实现城乡经济发展的一体化。

Urban-rural integration is a new path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics. The ultimate goal of urban-rural integration is to break the urban-rural dual system, economic and social structure, integrate various initiatives of industrialization, urbanization and the new rural construction, and achieves economic and social integration of urban and rural, as well as common prosperity of both urban and rural residents. This trend of development has shown initial signs in many regions in China like Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Chengdu and other places.The development of resource-based regions is a global problem, thus the focus of regional policy as well as an important area of regional research. In China, resource-based regions are faced with difficult transition under market conditions. Promoting urban-rural integration in resource-based regions has important practical significance at this moment. However, resource-based regions will inevitably face all kinds of social and economic obstacles in advancing the process of urban-rural integration. Part of the obstacles is common with those non-resource-based regions in institutions, policies and other issues; others are caused by the uniqueness of resource-based regions, such as inadequate urban functions, the over-reliance of economic growth on resource-based industries, single economic structure, disharmony between social and economic development, gap between urban and rural areas, weak rural economy, deteriorating ecological environment, and so on. The reasons of these obstacles include location disadvantage of resource-based regions, as well as the thinking behind, and also policy and institutional burden left over by the planned economic system. Considering these obstacles and reasons, promoting urban-rural integration in resource-based regions should take measures such as building the planning system of urban-rural integration, promoting interactions between urban and rural areas by supporting the development of rural areas, exploring the core competitiveness of cities, impelling environmental management and ecological restoration while developing economy, etc.Located in the heart of Shenfu Coalfield, Shenmu County in Shaanxi is a typical coal resource-based region. Under the guidance of urban-rural integration, Shenmu has made great progress in economic and social development. Take the urban-rural integration of Shenmu as an example, this paper further explores the obstacles and countermeasures in the process of resource-based regions promoting the integration. As a typical coal resource-based region, the urban-rural integration of Shenmu also faces many obstacles. Take into account of Shenmu’s special conditions, this paper puts forward three suggestions as following: take advantages of the core regional location and abundant resources, seize the historical opportunity of constructing national energy and heavy chemical industry base; speed up the development private economy; accelerate the construction of new countryside while promoting industrialization and urbanization.