高考是高等院校选拔人才的主要途径，同时高考也指导着中学的教学。因此高考试题的命制就显得尤为重要，要评判试卷的好坏就要有一个合理的评价标准。教育部考试中心对普通高考试题有一个评价标准，其中第四条指出：试卷题目难、中、易比例合适；有必要的区分度，全卷难度合适。但对于必要的区分度和合适的难度并没有详细的描述，因此对该条标准的细化是必要的。 基于对近几年高考理综全国卷物理部分的整理、分析的基础上，对03 到06 年全国卷进行了难易分值统计，对03 、04、06年七套全国卷在考查内容、知识模块、考查的能力、难度、区分度这些维度上进行统计分析，并利用Origin 软件绘制04年全国卷的难度和区分度分布图及关系图。 根据以上统计分析的结果，提出了造成考试失分的原因，分析知识点、能力与题型对难度和区分度的影响，并对高考物理命题提出一些观点。

The college entrance examination is not only the main path for the university to select good students, but also the guide to the education of high school. So making of test papers of the college entrance examination is very important. To judge the test papers needs to have a reasonable evaluation standard. There is an evaluation standard for the college entrance examination presented by the National Education Examinations Authority (NEEA ). The forth item of it is: the proportion of test questions which is hard, medium or easy is suitable; there is a necessary distinction, and the whole test paper's difficulty is suitable . However, there is no detailed description of the necessary distinction and the suitable difficulty. So the detailed description of this standard is quite necessary. Basing on the sorting and analysis of physics part in the test papers, the test points of the difficult or easy papers in the test papers from 2003 to 2006 have been studied statistically. The author makes an overall statistical analysis of seven sets of test papers in 2003, 2004 and 2006 from the following aspects: the contents, the knowledge blocks, ability, difficulty and description. Using the computer program called Origin, the researcher draws the difficulty and the distinction distribute diagram and relation diagram of the 2004's national test paper. According to the results, the author found the reason why a question was so difficult. The author analysed effects of knowledge point, ability and types of the questions on the difficulty and distinction of the paper, and then gave some suggestions to the physics test papers in the college entrance examination.