本文分四个部分展开探讨。第一部分在分析“认同”这一概念及理论渊源的基础上，追溯哲学史上认同问题的缘起，并指出认同理论的当代困境：“认同”理论所内含的“自我”根源、原子主义意蕴及“解构主义运用”限制了其理论前景。正因为如此，学术界把目光转向了另外一个理论关键词：承认。第二部分就承接第一部分，在分析承认的词义内涵和哲学根基的前提下，探讨由“认同”转向承认的内在原因，即文化多元主义出现、批判理论对规范维度的要求、主体间性理论的应用与扩展、后形而上学时代的理论诉求。正因为如此，承认理论成了学术界的焦点。但是承认理论本身也存在固有的缺陷。第三部分就进入了对承认理论主要代表的介绍与对比，指出霍耐特的承认理论代表了目前承认理论的最新成果，并分析了承认理论相对于认同理论的优势。在此基础上分析指出承认理论的缺点与不足。第四部分是承认理论的马克思主义哲学分析。把承认理论放在马克思主义哲学的视阈内，以期发展并完善承认理论。从认同到承认的理论转换不只是关键词的变化，更是现实语境的哲学阐释，这对我们看待当今的一些现实问题具有很重要的启示意义。

The contemporary western world is in a multicultural era. The dignity of the human person is getting lost, especially marginal groups, national minorities. In their efforts to expand the living ways by themselves, they still can't get away from being discriminated, despised fate. Therefore，the topic of identity and recognition is increasingly concerned. This article attempts to analysis the two theoretical systems of identity and recognition, pointing out the necessity of the turning from identity to recognition and the enlightenment of society today. This thesis contains four parts: Part one, on the basic of analyzing the concepts and theorial origin of Identity, Trace the origin of Identity in the history of philosophy and pointed out the contemporary dilemma of identity theory ; Part two, on the basic of analyzing the meaning and philosophical foundation of Recognition, Explore the underlying reasons from "identity" to “Recognition”; Part three, entered the recognition of theoretical introduction and the main representative of contrast, point out that Honneth's recognition theory represents the latest achievement in the current theory of recognition, and analyze the advantages that recognition over identity. Based on this point out the shortcomings and inadequacies of recognition. Part four is the analysis of recognition from the view of Marxism, which put recognition into the view of Marxist philosophy in order to develop and improve the theory of recognition.The turning from identity to recognition is not just the conversion of keywords, it is the change of philosophical interpretation of the reality context, which has very important implications for us to look at some of the practical problems today.