育龄女性暴露于有机氯农药（Organochlorine Pesticides, OCPs）会对健康产生众多不利影响，如癌症、代谢异常及免疫失调等。膳食暴露是育龄女性暴露OCPs最主要的途径。本文旨在研究我国华北典型农业区育龄女性膳食OCPs暴露量及其相关的健康风险，探究目标人群植物源膳食OCPs及营养物质暴露对血脂和炎症因子的影响。

本研究于2015-2016年在河北满城地区招募当地育龄女性10名（城市和农村地区分别5名），并进行了5次随访。在每次随访期间，对目标人群进行问卷调查，采集受试者静脉血，并采集食物样品。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对7大类（谷类、蔬菜、水果、鱼、肉、蛋和奶）共计322份食物样品中的OCPs残留水平进行了测定，并从国家监测项目数据库中获得食物营养成分信息。估算了育龄女性膳食OCPs和营养物质暴露量。测定了受试者血清中血脂（脂蛋白（a）、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL））以及炎症因子（单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8）水平。使用混合线性效应模型探究膳食OCP和营养物质摄入与血清标志物的关系。

结果表明，食物中总六六六（ΣHCH）、总滴滴涕及其代谢产物（ΣDDX）、狄氏剂与异狄氏剂之和（ΣDrin）、总硫丹（ΣES）的浓度范围分别为ND-10.1 ng/g湿重，ND-9.52 ng/g湿重，ND-9.80 ng/g湿重，ND-91.0 ng/g湿重。大部分食物中ΣHCH、ΣDDX、ΣDrin及ΣES的残留浓度都远低于欧盟、国际食品法典及我国设定的最大残留限量/最大再残留限量（MRLs/EMRLs）。仅有一个谷物样品（n/N=1/67）中ΣHCH及一个蔬菜样品（1/164）中ΣES残留量超过相关标准规定的限值。另外，水果和蔬菜中ΣDrin和ΣES残留量相对较高。当地食物中仍可能存在潜在的OCPs输入源。

育龄女性通过食物对OCPs类污染物的日估计摄入量平均水平由高到低依次为10.6 （ΣES）> 4.37（ΣDrin）> 1.51（ΣHCH）> 0.850（ΣDDX）ng·kg^-1·day^-1。植物源食物是育龄女性膳食暴露ΣHCH，ΣDrin和ΣES等污染物的主要暴露源，而动物源食物是ΣDDX膳食暴露的主要来源。育龄女性膳食ΣHCH，ΣDDX，ΣDrin和ΣES暴露量存在季节差异，采暖期的暴露量（1-3月：1.65，1.23，4.53，10.6 ng·kg^-1·day^-1）高于非采暖期（4-6月：1.05，0.604，3.75，10.1 ng·kg^-1·day^-1）。总体而言，育龄女性膳食OCPs暴露没有显著的非致癌风险和致癌风险，危险指数（HI）皆小于1，终生致癌风险（LCR）皆低于优先控制水平10^-4。但仍有83.9%的目标人群存在潜在的致癌风险。育龄女性潜在暴露风险的最主要贡献者为ΣDrin，其次是ΣHCH。

线性混合效应模型结果表明，育龄女性植物源膳食p,p'-滴滴涕（β = -10.11，95%置信区间（95%CI）：-17.32，-2.905）和o,p'-滴滴伊（β = -6.077，95%CI：-9.954，-2.200）暴露水平与血清HDL水平呈负相关，而其他OCPs单体暴露量与血脂指标无显著相关关系。血清IL-8水平与植物源膳食狄氏剂（β = 0.390，95%CI：0.105，0.674）、β-ES（β = 0.361，95%CI：0.198，0.523）、ΣES（β = 0.136，95%CI：0.037，0.234）、ΣOCP（β = 0.084，95%CI：0.016，0.153）暴露水平呈显著正相关，与p,p'-滴滴伊暴露水平呈显著负相关（β = -2.692，95%CI：-5.185，-0.198）。没有观察到营养物质摄入量与血清标志物之间的显著相关关系。

本研究结果表明，河北满城食物中OCPs残留水平大多远低于最大残留标准限值。当地育龄女性仍有一定的膳食OCPs暴露量，超过80%的人群有潜在的暴露致癌风险。育龄女性通过植物源食物摄入某些OCPs单体可能会干扰脂质代谢和炎症反应。

Exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can cause various adverse health effects in childbearing-age women, including cancer, metabolic syndrome and immune dysfunctions. Foods have consistently been shown to be a dominant source of exposure to these toxins for the women population. We aimed to investigate the dietary OCP intake of childbearing-age women living in typical agricultural areas of Northern China, as well as their associated health risks. The effects of population dietary OCP and nutrient intake from plant-origin food consumption on serum lipid and inflammation were explored.

A total of 10 childbearing-age women (five in urban areas and five in rural areas) in northern China were recruited and visited for five times during 2015–2016. During each visit, we conducted a questionnaire survey, blood collection, and food sampling. The OCP residues of 322 food samples from seven categories (i.e., cereal, vegetable, fruit, fish, meat, egg, and milk) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nutrient content information was obtained from a national monitoring program. The women’s dietary intakes of OCPs and nutrients were calculated. Serum biomarkers of lipids [lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)] and inflammatory cytokine [monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8] were measured. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the associations of dietary OCP and nutrient intake with serum biomarkers.

The concentration scale of the total hexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCH), the sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT) and their metabolites (ΣDDX), the sum of dieldrin and endrin (ΣDrin), and total endosulfans (ΣES) in foods were ND–10.1 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), ND–9.52 ng/g w.w., ND–9.80 ng/g w.w., ND–91.0 ng/g w.w., respectively. The average concentrations of ΣHCH, ΣDDX, ΣDrin, and ΣES in all food categories were, overall, much lower than the maximum residue limits/extraneous maximum residue limit (MRLs/EMRLs) recommended by China, European Union, and Codex Alimentarius. Only one specific cereal (n/N = 1/67) and one vegetable (1/164) had ΣHCH and ΣES levels exceeding the MRLs, respectively. Besides, relatively high residues of ΣDrin and ΣES were found in fruits and vegetables. There were a potential input of OCPs in local foods.

The estimated daily dietary intake of these compounds was calculated, with mean levels of 10.6 (ΣES) > 4.37 (ΣDrin) > 1.51 (ΣHCH) > 0.850 (ΣDDX) ng·kg^-1·day^-1. Women during the heating period (from January to March) tended to ingest more dietary ΣHCH, ΣDDX, ΣDrin, and ΣES than they during the non-heating period (from April to June) (1.65, 1.23, 4.53, and 10.6 ng·kg^-1·day^-1 v.s. 1.05, 0.604, 3.75, and 10.1 ng·kg^-1·day^-1). Overall, women had no obvious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks due to OCP intake, with the hazard indices > 1 and estimated life carcinogenic risk exceeding the priority risk level of 10^-4 was zero. However，83.9% of the target population has potential carcinogenic risk due to intake of OCPs. ΣDrin was the dominant OCP responsible for potential health risks, followed by ΣHCH.

The dietary intake of p,p′-DDT [β = -10.11, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -17.32, -2.905] and o,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (β = -6.077, 95%CI: -9.954, -2.200) for women from plant-origin foods were negatively related to serum HDL levels, whereas other OCP indivaduals were not. IL-8 was positively associated with women’s intake of dieldrin (β = 0.390, 95% CI: 0.105, 0.674), endosulfan-β (β = 0.361, 95%CI: 0.198, 0.523), ΣES (β = 0.136, 95%CI: 0.037, 0.234), and ΣOCP (β = 0.084, 95%CI: 0.016, 0.153) from plant-origin foods, and negatively correlated with intake of p,p′-DDE (β = -2.692, 95%CI: -5.185, -0.198). No associations between dietary nutrient intake and serum biomarkers were observed.

We concluded that the residual concentrations of OCPs in foods from Mancheng, Hebei were, overall, much lower than the MRLs. Childbearing-age women in North China still have some dietary OCP intake, more than 80% of them have potential carcinogenic risk attributed to dietary OCP intake. Women’s dietary intake of some OCP individuals from plant-based foods may affect lipid metabolism and inflammation responses.