在杨氏双缝干涉实验中人们发现：是否知道光通过了“哪条确切路经”决定着能否最终观测到干涉条纹,这使得人们对光的本性的认识开始深入到了波粒二象性层面。又由于海森堡不确定性原理的限制，光的波粒行为不能被同时观测到，从而各种各样理论和实验研究集中在了路径信息和干涉效应的互补性上，这也加深了人们对波粒二象性的理解。针对互补性验证中获取单粒子路径信息会干扰到唯一的粒子的情况，一些非局域多粒子方案被提出进一步丰富了这方面的研究。另一方面，随着激光技术和非线性光学的发展，利用自发参量下转换产生的纠缠光源被应用于鬼成像，鬼干涉和亚波长干涉等一系列现象。这些量子光源中的多光子具有空间与时间上可追踪的非局域关联，在验证互补性方面具有更多的便利性及可操作性。更近的研究表明，经典热光与纠缠光子具有类似非局域时空相关性，人们利用经典光源成功模拟纠缠光源也实现了相应的关联鬼成像，关联鬼干涉和关联亚波长干涉等实验，这方面的研究促进了人们对于经典关联和量子纠缠的相似性的深入思考。此外，HBT实验中对光场二阶相干性和高阶相干性的研究成功促进了量子光学学科的发展，在光场的涨落特性研究中，人们发现不同光场的二阶相干函数不同，如经典光源的二阶相干函数大于等于1，可呈现出聚束效应；而量子光源的二阶相干函数可能小于1，可呈现出反聚束效应。本文引入偏振自由度开展路径信息与干涉效应互补性的研究，同时对不同光源呈现出的关联特性及反聚束效应开展研究，获得了与在传统光源下显示的二阶相干函数不同的实验结果，结果具有一定的新颖性。本论文主要内容可以概况为：1.进行了经典光源二阶偏振干涉实验研究。我们分别利用相位随机涨落的激光和赝热光进行了二阶偏振干涉实验，并对实验模型进行了理论分析，实验结果和理论分析一致。我们的实验在不影响光场原有空间分布的情况下，在经典宏观层面检验了多粒子系统路径信息和干涉效应的互补性。同时在利用相位随机涨落的激光作为光源的实验下二阶相干函数出现了小于1的情况，呈现出反关联情形，而在利用赝热光作为光源的实验下二阶相干函数均大于1小于2，呈现出正关联情形。2. 进行了量子光源二阶偏振干涉实验研究。我们利用纠缠光源进行了二阶偏振干涉实验，也取得了和理论分析相符合的实验结果。在不影响光场原有空间分布的情况下，我们在量子微观层面检验了纠缠光子对路径信息和干涉效应的互补性，同时将该实验结果和经典光源下的实验结果作对比分析，讨论了量子纠缠和经典关联在该实验下的异同。另外在特定条件下的实验结果中我们观测到了光子的空间反聚束效应。

In the experiment of Yang's double-slit interference, it is found that whether the light passes through "which exact path" determines whether the interference fringe can be observed, which makes people's understanding of the nature of light begin to go deep into the level of wave-particle duality. Due to the limitation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the wave-particle behavior of light cannot be observed at the same time, so a variety of theoretical and experimental studies focus on the complementarity of path information and interference effects, which also deepen people's understanding of wave-particle duality. In order to obtain the single particle path information in the complementarity verification, some non-local multi-particle schemes are proposed to further enrich the research in this area. On the other hand, with the development of laser technology and nonlinear optics, entangled light sources generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion have been applied to a series of phenomena such as ghost imaging, ghost interference and subwavelength interference. The multi-photons in these quantum light sources have non-local associations that can be traced in space and time, which has more convenience and operability in verifying complementarity. More recent studies have shown that classical thermal light and entangled photons have similar non-local space-time correlation, and people have successfully simulated entangled light sources by using classical light sources to achieve corresponding correlated ghost imaging, correlated ghost interference and correlated subwavelength interference experiments. This research has promoted people's in-depth thinking about the similarities between classical correlation and quantum entanglement. In addition, the study of second-order coherence and higher-order coherence of light field in HBT experiment has successfully promoted the development of quantum optics. In the study of fluctuation characteristics of light field, it is found that the second-order coherence functions of different light fields are different. For example, the second-order coherence function of classical light source is greater than or equal to 1, showing a bunching effect. However, the second-order coherence function of quantum light source may be less than 1, showing an anti-bunching effect. In this paper, the complementarity of path information and interference effect is studied by introducing the degree of polarization degrees of freedom. At the same time, the anti-correlation and anti-bunching characteristics of different light sources are studied. The experimental results are different from the second-order coherence function of traditional light sources, and the results are novel.The principal contents of this research can be illustrated in the following points：1. The second order polarization interference experiment of classical light source is studied experimentally. We have carried out second-order polarization interference experiments using laser and pseudothermal light with random phase fluctuations, and theoretically analyzed the experimental model, and the experimental outcomes matched the theoretical analysis. In our experiment, the complementarity of path information and interference effect of multiparticle system is tested at the classical macroscopic level without affecting the original spatial distribution of light field. At the same time, the second-order coherence function is less than 1 in the experiment using the random phase fluctuation laser as the light source, showing an inverse correlation, while the second-order coherence function is greater than 1 and less than 2 in the experiment using pseudothermal light as the light source, showing a positive correlation.2. The second order polarization interference experiment of quantum light source is studied experimentally. Utilizing an entangled light source, we conducted the second-order polarization interference experiment, and the outcomes conformed to theoretical expectations. Without affecting the original spatial distribution of light field, we examine the complementarity of entangled photons on the path information and interference effects at the quantum microscopic level, and compare the experimental results with those under classical light sources, and discuss the similarities and differences between quantum entanglement and classical correlation under this experiment. In addition, the spatial anti-bunching effect of photons is observed in the experimental results under certain conditions.