随着基础教育课程改革的不断深入，中考改革也在持续进行。如何利用纸笔测验来科学有效的测试学生的数学学业水平是当下数学教育测量与评价领域的一大课题，也是我国义务教育数学课程改革中比较有难度的课题之一。 作为同样涉及到用纸笔测验来测试初中学生的数学知识和能力的国际大型测评项目PISA和TIMSS，它们采用了最新的命题理论、模型和技术，受到各国政府的重视，对世界各国的教育均有深远的影响。 古语有云：“他山之石，可以攻玉”。本论文将我国中考和PISA、TIMSS的数学试题进行了比较研究，希望能为我国中考数学命题改革提供参考和建议。 本论文主要比较了三种测试的测试框架，也从宏观和微观两个层次比较了三种测试的试题，得出以下结论： 1、PISA的测试框架要求更多，而我国中考数学的测试框架要求更具体。 2、三种测试命题特点差异很大。 3、PISA的评分方式更加客观和科学；PISA和TIMSS采用的有编码的评分指南有利于获取学生更多的信息。 4、三种测试对内容领域和认知领域的考查侧重不同。 5、PISA和TIMSS重视说明题，而我国中考重视证明题。 6、我国中考的试题呈现方式略显单调，多数情境不具有现实意义，对图形的使用也局限在特殊的规则图形中。 最后，笔者也为我国的中考数学命题改革提出了具体的意见和建议。

With the basic education curriculum reform continued to deepen, the reform of senior middle school entrance examination is ongoing. How to use the written test to test the academic level of students in mathematics scientifically and efficiently is a major issue of the field of Mathematics Education Measurement and Evaluation. And it is also a difficult subject of Mathematics curriculum reform of compulsory education in China. As the same test using pencil and paper to test the knowledge and ability in mathematics of the students in the junior middle school, PISA and TIMSS use the latest theories, models and technologies in proposition. They are attention by the governments of the world and have a profound impact on education of countries around the world. As the old saying goes, “Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade”. This paper compared senior middle school entrance examination of China, PISA and TIMSS, hoped to provide information and advice to the reform in proposition in mathematics of senior middle school entrance examination of China. This paper compared the three tests in the test framework and the test questions from the macro and micro levels, concluded as follows: 1、The test framework of PISA requires more and the test framework of senior middle school entrance examination have more specific requirements. 2、The proposition features of the three tests are very different. 3、The scoring methods of PISA are more objective and scientific. The coded scoring guides of PISA and TIMSS are more conducive to get more information of students. 4、The three test have different emphases on content domain and cognitive domain. 5、PISA and TIMSS pay more attention to description title and senior middle school entrance examination of China pay more attention to proofs. 6、The presentation of the test questions in Senior middle school entrance examination of China is slightly monotonous. Most situations do not have practical significance. The use of graphics is also confined to special rules graph. Finally, this paper also made specific comments and suggestions on the reform in proposition in mathematics of senior middle school entrance examination of China.