伊朗自20世纪50年代开始核研究。由于当时伊朗的巴列维国王推行亲西方的政策，其核活动得到美国等西方国家的支持。但1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命胜利后，随着伊朗同美国、以色列等国家关系的破裂，伊朗的核研究逐渐“问题化”。从某种意义上说，伊朗核问题的实质是美伊关系问题，但鉴于全球化时代问题的复杂性与利益的多元性，伊朗核问题已经远远超出了美伊关系的范畴，逐渐被“国际化”了。俄罗斯作为苏联的继承者，虽然实力大为衰落，但由于其与伊朗的独特关系以及较强的国际影响力，俄罗斯在伊朗核问题的解决方面仍扮演着重要角色。冷战结束后，俄罗斯向西方“一边倒”的外交政策没取得想象的成果，其在中东的影响一落千丈，经济发展也遭受严重的困难局面。通过对伊朗核活动的支持，俄罗斯获得了与美国等西方国家叫板的砝码。从伊朗方面来看，在面临着西方的封锁制裁情况下，俄罗斯是唯一可以帮它恢复因伊斯兰革命和两伊战争而停滞的核开发的安理会常任理事国。总之，伊俄核“渊源”不浅。因此，从这个角度来讲，关注俄罗斯在伊朗核问题上的政策是必要的。 本文第一章梳理了伊朗核问题的来龙去脉，分析了伊朗核问题的本质；第二章在分阶段介绍俄伊关系的大背景后，系统阐述了俄罗斯在伊朗核问题上的政策演变；第三章从分析影响俄罗斯与伊朗核关系的因素入手，总结出俄罗斯在伊朗核问题上具有不稳定性和非对称性的特点；第四章分析了俄罗斯在伊朗核问题上的政策前景。

Iran began its nuclear research at 1950s.Because The Shah of Iran implement pro-Western policy, its nuclear program were supported by Western countries including the United States. After the victory of Iran’s islamic revolution ,the relationship between Iran and other countries including the United States and Israel began to break down, Iran's nuclear research gradually became a intenational issue. In a sense, the essence of Iran’s nuclear issue is the issue of bilateral relations between The United States and Iran, because the complexity of the issues of globalization and the diversity of the interests of the state, Iran's nuclear program has far exceeded the bilateral relations between The United States and Iran , gradually by internationalized. As the successor of the Soviet Union, Russia's power had been greatly declined. But Russia is still an important role in Iran’s nuclear issue, because of its special relationship with Iran and stronger international influence. After the end of the cold war, Russian pro-western leaning foreign policy didn't get the expected results, the influence in the Middle East and economic development also suffer a serious setback. Russia can challenge the United States and other western countries through supporting Iran's nuclear activities. Facing the blockades and sanctions from the western countries, Iran considers Russia as the only helper in the permanent members of security council in resuming its nuclear development which was interrupted by the Iran’s islamic revolution and the iran-iraq war. Therefore, from this perspective, it is necessary to pay attention to Russia’s policy on the Iran’s nuclear issue.This first chapter of the paper combs the ins and outs of the Iran’s nuclear issue and analyzes the essence of the Iran’s nuclear issue; The second chapter introduces the background of the relationship between Iran and Russia in phases and elaborates Russia’s policy evolution on the Iran’s nuclear issue; The third chapter begins from the analysis of the factors influencing the relationship between Iran and Russia, then summarizes Russia’s policy characteristics——the instability and asymmetric; The fourth chapter prospects Russia’s policy on the Iran’s nuclear issue.