“二十大报告”和“十四五规划”均指出新时期需要继续扩大内需，促进消费，而目前我国城乡差距较大，农村居民消费支出结构仍有待完善，因此对农村消费结构的研究有利于发挥我国农村消费市场的重要作用，加快农村居民消费结构升级，促进国民经济健康发展。本文基于2001-2021年的省级面板数据，利用Kernel核密度曲线和Arcgis空间可视化方法，从生存型消费和发展享受型消费两个角度对我国农村居民消费结构的时空演变特点进行了描述，最后使用固定效应回归模型分析了我国农村居民消费结构的影响因素。研究结果表明：整体来说，我国农村居民消费结构呈现出优化升级的趋势且地区间差异缩小；东部地区消费结构变动幅度小于中西部地区，东部生存型消费占比高于全国平均水平的省份数量增加，中西部地区发展享受型消费占比高于全国平均水平的省份数量增加；近些年农村居民消费结构优化程度和经济发展水平出现不匹配的情况，即经济发展水平较高的东部地区生存型消费占比略高于其他地区。最后，固定效应模型结果显示，影响农村居民消费结构变动的主要因素按其影响程度从大到小依次是：城镇化水平、财政支农力度、农民收入水平、产业结构升级、人力资本水平、城乡收入差距、总抚养比。

Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the "14th Five-Year Plan" both point out the need to continue to expand domestic demand and promote consumption in the new period. However, the current gap between urban and rural areas is relatively large, and the consumption expenditure structure of rural residents is still to be improved. Therefore, the study of the rural consumption structure is beneficial to play an important role in the rural consumption market, accelerate the upgrading of the consumption structure of rural residents, and promote the healthy development of the national economy. Based on the provincial panel data from 2001 to 2021, this paper describes the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of rural residents' consumption structure from two perspectives of subsistence consumption and development sharing consumption by using Kernel density curve and spatial visualization method. Finally, the fixed effect regression model is used to analyze the influence factors of rural residents' consumption structure. The results show that: the consumption structure of Chinese rural residents presents a trend of optimization and upgrading, and the differences between regions are reduced; The proportion of subsistence consumption in the eastern part of the country increased, In the eastern region, the change in consumption structure was smaller than that in the central and western regions. The number of provinces in the eastern region where the proportion of subsistence consumption was higher than the national average increased, and the number of provinces in the central and western region where the proportion of developmental hedonic consumption expenditure was higher than the national average increased. In recent years, there has been a mismatch between the optimization degree of rural residents' consumption structure and the level of economic development, in other words, the proportion of subsistence consumption in the eastern region with a higher level of economic development is slightly higher than that in other regions. Finally, the results of fixed effect model show that the main factors affecting the change of rural residents' consumption structure from large to small are as follows: urbanization level, financial support for agriculture, farmers' income level, industrial structure upgrading, human capital level, urban-rural income gap, and total dependency ratio.